2.1.2: Lipids Flashcards
What is a carboxyl group?
A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group
The carboxyl group is often represented as -COOH.
What characterizes saturated fatty acids?
They hold as many H atoms as possible due to the lack of double bonds, resulting in a straight shape
This allows for tight packing, leading to solid fats.
What is the state of saturated fatty acids at room temperature?
Solid
Due to their tightly packed structure.
What is the effect of double bonds on unsaturated fatty acids?
They create kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing tight packing
This results in a liquid state, or oils.
What are triglycerides composed of?
One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
The ‘tri’ in triglycerides indicates the three fatty acid components.
What type of reaction forms triglycerides?
Condensation reaction
This occurs between the carboxyl group of the fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of glycerol.
What is esterification?
The reaction that forms an ester bond between glycerol and fatty acids
It involves the condensation of a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group.
What is an ester bond?
The bond that forms between the glycerol and the carboxyl group of the fatty acids
Essential for the structure of triglycerides.
How do triglycerides transfer energy?
Through the large ratio of energy-storing carbon-hydrogen bonds compared to the number of carbon atoms
This allows for significant energy release when hydrolyzed.
What role do triglycerides play as a metabolic water source?
They can release water when oxidized
This is important for animals in arid environments, like camels.
Why are lipids insoluble in water?
They are large, hydrophobic molecules
This characteristic prevents them from affecting water potential and osmosis.
What advantage do lipids have in terms of mass?
They are relatively low in mass, allowing for storage without increasing overall mass
This minimizes movement in animals.
