2.1.3: Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP is an immediate source of energy for biological processes.
What is the role of the three phosphate ions in ATP?
Energy transfer
The phosphate ions are essential for metabolism, which includes all chemical reactions in a cell.
What are the components of ATP?
- Nitrogenous base adenine
- Ribose (pentose sugar)
- Three inorganic phosphate groups
The phosphate groups are termed inorganic because they do not contain carbon.
How is ATP primarily produced?
During respiration
ATP is synthesized from ADP by adding an inorganic phosphate.
What enzyme is involved in the synthesis of ATP?
ATP synthase
ATP is formed via a condensation reaction.
What is the process of breaking down ATP called?
Hydrolysis
ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by the enzyme ATP hydrolase.
What is the equation representing the hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi
This reaction releases energy used in chemical reactions.
What is phosphorylation?
The process of adding an inorganic phosphate to a compound
This makes the compound more reactive.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA contains the genetic code necessary for protein synthesis.
What is the function of DNA in relation to proteins?
Codes for the sequence of amino acids
This determines the 3D structure and function of proteins.
Why is it essential for cells to contain a copy of DNA?
To pass on genetic information to new cells without damage
This ensures the integrity of the genetic code during cell division.
Fill in the blank: ATP is made from ______ by the addition of an inorganic phosphate.
ADP
The addition occurs via a condensation reaction.
True or False: The phosphate groups in ATP contain carbon atoms.
False
The phosphate groups are described as inorganic.
