2.1.1: Ultrastructure Of Cells

Question 1

What is the structure of a flagellum?

Answer 1

Whip-like structure.

Flagella are used for mobility and can also serve as sensory organelles for chemical stimuli.

Question 2

What are the main components of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

• Capsule
• Cell wall
• Plasma membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Plasmid
• Nucleoid (circular DNA)

These components are essential for the structure and function of prokaryotic cells.

Question 3

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 3

Modification of proteins and lipids, addition of carbohydrates to proteins, and transport of finished products in Golgi vesicles.

The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of membranes called cisternae.

Question 4

What is the structure of centrioles?

Answer 4

Made of microtubules and occur in pairs to form a centrosome.

Centrioles are involved in the production of spindle fibers and organization of chromosomes during cell division.

Question 5

What is a lysosome?

Answer 5

A type of Golgi vesicle formed when the Golgi apparatus contains hydrolytic enzymes.

Lysosomes release lysozymes, which are important for breaking down waste materials.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The structure of the Golgi apparatus consists of _______.

Answer 6

[stacks of membranes creating flattened sacs called cisternae]

These structures are surrounded by small, round, and hollow vesicles.

Question 7

What are the functions of the microtubule triplet in centrioles?

Answer 7

Involved in the production of spindle fibers and organization of chromosomes in cell division.

Microtubules play a crucial role in cell structure and transport.

Question 8

True or False: Ribosomes are involved in the modification of proteins.

Answer 8

False.

Ribosomes are primarily involved in protein synthesis, while modification occurs in the Golgi apparatus.

Question 9

What type of enzymes do lysosomes contain?

Answer 9

Hydrolytic enzymes.

These enzymes are responsible for breaking down biomolecules.

Question 10

What are the two types of appendages found in centrioles?

Answer 10

• Distal appendages
• Subdistal appendages

These appendages are important for the function of centrioles in cell division.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The Golgi apparatus transports finished products in _______.

Answer 11

[Golgi vesicles]

These vesicles carry modified proteins and lipids to their final destinations.