2.1.3: Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What is the structure formed by the DNA polymer?
Double helix
The double helix consists of two strands joined by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
How are the two strands of DNA positioned?
Antiparallel
The strands run in opposite directions.
What type of bonds form the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?
Covalent bonds
These bonds contribute to the stability of the DNA structure.
What is the significance of the double-stranded nature of DNA?
Allows replication using both strands as a template
This feature is crucial for accurate DNA replication.
What type of bonds between the bases allow for easy separation of the DNA strands?
Weak hydrogen bonds
These bonds facilitate strand separation during replication.
What characteristic of DNA allows it to carry a lot of information?
Large molecule
The size of DNA enables it to store extensive genetic information.
What process allows identical copies of DNA to be made?
Complementary base pairing
This mechanism ensures fidelity during DNA replication.
What is the first step in the DNA extraction method from plant material?
Homogenise the cell with a detergent
This breaks open the cells and membranes to release contents.
What is done to the filtrate after filtering out large debris in DNA extraction?
Add salt to break hydrogen bonds between DNA and water molecules
This step is crucial for isolating DNA.
What is the purpose of adding protease in the DNA extraction process?
To digest the proteins associated with the DNA
This helps in purifying the DNA sample.
What is added to precipitate DNA from the solution?
Ice-cold ethanol
DNA appears as white strands when precipitated.
What is the structure of RNA compared to DNA?
Single-stranded polynucleotide chain
RNA is generally shorter than DNA.
What base is found in RNA instead of thymine?
Uracil
Uracil replaces thymine in the RNA structure.
What sugar is present in RNA?
Ribose
Ribose distinguishes RNA from DNA, which contains deoxyribose.
