2.11 Methyl transport

Question 0

A lack of what vitamin is the most common vitamin deficiency in the world

Answer 0

Folic Acid

Question 1

The three things that make up the structure of Folic Acid

Answer 1

Pteridine ring
p-aminobenzoate (PABA)
Glutamate

Question 2

Outline briefly how Folic Acid is turned into Tetrahydrofolate

Answer 2

Folic Acid –> Dihydrofolate

Dihydrofolate –> Tetrahydrofolate

Question 3

What enzyme catalyzes the two reactions that takes folic acid to tetrahydrofolate

Answer 3

Dihydrofolate Reductase

Question 4

How does Tetrahydrofolate differ from Folic Acid

Answer 4

It contains two extra hydrogens on the amino groups

Question 5

What is the function Methotrexate?

Answer 5

It is a structural analogue of dihydrofolate

Is used as an inhibitor of Dihydrofolate Reductase

Question 6

What is the role of Tetrahydrofolate and S-adenosyl methionine in the cell?

Answer 6

It carries methyl groups

Question 7

How does Tetrahydrofolate differ from SAM in its function?

Answer 7

SAM is main carrier of Methyl groups

Tetrahydrofolate carries oxidized version of Methyl like Methylene

Question 8

Name the five versions of one carbon groups that Tetrahydrofolate carries?

Answer 8

Methyl (CH3)
Methylene (CH2)
Formyl (CHO)
Formimino (CHNH)
Methenyl (CH=)

Question 9

What conversion is the major source of a carbon to be moved?

Answer 9

Serine to Glycine

Question 10

T or F, Different forms of tetrahydrofolate are interconvertible

Answer 10

True

Question 11

How is SAM formed?

Answer 11

Methionine + ATP –> SAM

Question 12

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Methionine to SAM?

Answer 12

Methionine Adenosyl Transferase

Question 13

How is Methionine formed

Answer 13

Methyl group + Homocysteine = Methionine

Question 14

What enzyme catalyzes reaction that makes methionine?

Answer 14

Methionine Synthase

Question 15

What is the coenzyme with Methionine Synthase?

Answer 15

Vitamin B12

Question 16

What is the rate limiting step in the activated methyl cycle

Answer 16

Methylene FH4 –> Methyl FH4

Question 17

What enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the activated methyl cycle

Answer 17

Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase

Question 18

What is the Transulfuration pathway

Answer 18

When homocysteine is converted to cysteine

Question 19

Alanine is made from an amino acid and what other molecule?

Answer 19

Pyruvate

Question 20

Oxaloacetate + Amino acid = ?

Answer 20

Aspartate

Question 21

Glutamate is formed from an amino acid and what other molecule?

Answer 21

Alpha-ketoglutarate

Question 22

What enzyme catalyzes reaction of glutamate to glutamine

Answer 22

Glutamine synthetase

Question 23

Serine + Homocysteine –> ?

Answer 23

Cysteine

Question 24

Formation of cysteine from homocysteine is dependent on what?

Answer 24

Dependent on Methionine, an essential AA

Question 25

Tyrosine is formed from what AA?

Answer 25

Phenylalanine

Question 26

WHat enzyme catalyzes the formation of Tyrosine from another AA

Answer 26

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 27

What is the underlying issue behind the PKU disorder

Answer 27

Inability to convert Phenylalanine to Tyrosine. Phenylalanine accumulates and inhibits brain development

Question 28

Reaction of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine includes what two things during the reaction?

Answer 28

O2 and coenzyme Tetrahydrobiopterin