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Metabolism > 2.11 Methyl transport > Flashcards

2.11 Methyl transport Flashcards

0
Q

A lack of what vitamin is the most common vitamin deficiency in the world

A

Folic Acid

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1
Q

The three things that make up the structure of Folic Acid

A

Pteridine ring
p-aminobenzoate (PABA)
Glutamate

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2
Q

Outline briefly how Folic Acid is turned into Tetrahydrofolate

A

Folic Acid –> Dihydrofolate

Dihydrofolate –> Tetrahydrofolate

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3
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the two reactions that takes folic acid to tetrahydrofolate

A

Dihydrofolate Reductase

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4
Q

How does Tetrahydrofolate differ from Folic Acid

A

It contains two extra hydrogens on the amino groups

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5
Q

What is the function Methotrexate?

A

It is a structural analogue of dihydrofolate

Is used as an inhibitor of Dihydrofolate Reductase

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6
Q

What is the role of Tetrahydrofolate and S-adenosyl methionine in the cell?

A

It carries methyl groups

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7
Q

How does Tetrahydrofolate differ from SAM in its function?

A

SAM is main carrier of Methyl groups

Tetrahydrofolate carries oxidized version of Methyl like Methylene

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8
Q

Name the five versions of one carbon groups that Tetrahydrofolate carries?

A 
Methyl (CH3)
Methylene (CH2)
Formyl (CHO)
Formimino (CHNH)
Methenyl (CH=)
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9
Q

What conversion is the major source of a carbon to be moved?

A

Serine to Glycine

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10
Q

T or F, Different forms of tetrahydrofolate are interconvertible

A

True

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11
Q

How is SAM formed?

A

Methionine + ATP –> SAM

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12
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Methionine to SAM?

A

Methionine Adenosyl Transferase

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13
Q

How is Methionine formed

A

Methyl group + Homocysteine = Methionine

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14
Q

What enzyme catalyzes reaction that makes methionine?

A

Methionine Synthase

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15
Q

What is the coenzyme with Methionine Synthase?

A

Vitamin B12

16
Q

What is the rate limiting step in the activated methyl cycle

A

Methylene FH4 –> Methyl FH4

17
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the activated methyl cycle

A

Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase

18
Q

What is the Transulfuration pathway

A

When homocysteine is converted to cysteine

19
Q

Alanine is made from an amino acid and what other molecule?

A

Pyruvate

20
Q

Oxaloacetate + Amino acid = ?

A

Aspartate

21
Q

Glutamate is formed from an amino acid and what other molecule?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate

22
Q

What enzyme catalyzes reaction of glutamate to glutamine

A

Glutamine synthetase

23
Q

Serine + Homocysteine –> ?

A

Cysteine

24
Q

Formation of cysteine from homocysteine is dependent on what?

A

Dependent on Methionine, an essential AA

25
Q

Tyrosine is formed from what AA?

A

Phenylalanine

26
Q

WHat enzyme catalyzes the formation of Tyrosine from another AA

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

27
Q

What is the underlying issue behind the PKU disorder

A

Inability to convert Phenylalanine to Tyrosine. Phenylalanine accumulates and inhibits brain development

28
Q

Reaction of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine includes what two things during the reaction?

A

O2 and coenzyme Tetrahydrobiopterin

Metabolism (31 decks)

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