1.2 Membranes Flashcards
4 Characteristics of Phospholipid
- Glycerol backbone
- 2 Fatty acids (16-18 carbons) attached to Glycerol
- Phosphate group attached to Glycerol
- Alcohol ESTERIFIED to phosphate (4 options)
3 membrane lipids
Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Cholesterol
What are the four alcohol options that can be esterified to the phosphate on a phospholipid
- ethanolamine
- choline
- inositol
- serine
Characteristics of Sphingolipids
- Sphingosine backbone
2. 1 Fatty Acid
4 types of structures attached to the available end of a sphingolipid
- Ceramide (Hydrogen)
- Sphingomyelin (Phosphocholine)
- Glucosylcerebroside (Glucose)
- Ganglioside (Complex Oligosaccharide)
A sphingolipid with a phosphate group and choline attached
Sphingomyelin
Sphingolipid with a glucose
Glucosylcerebroside
Sphingolipid with a hydrogen attached
Ceramide
Sphingolipid with a complex oligosaccharide attached
Ganglioside
Characteristic of Cholesterol
Found in plasma membrane with hydroxyl group on surface at water surface
Function of Cholesterol
Keeps membrane fluid and rigid depending on temperature and characteristics of surroundings
Primary leaflet location of Cholesterol
Both cytoplasmic and exoplasmic
Primary leaflet location of sphingomyelin
Exoplasmic
Primary leaflet location of Phosphotidylserine and Phosphotidylethanolamine
Cytosolic
Primary leaflet location of Phosphotidylcholine
exoplasmic
Two things that make up lipid rifts
- Cholesterol
2. Sphingomyelin
Function of Lipid Rafts
Function to help concentrate proteins that participate in Signal Transduction pathways
2 types of membrane proteins
- Integral membrane protein
2. Peripheral
Name the two protein membrane anchors that are found on the cytosolic side of the membrane
- Fatty Acyl group covalently attached to a Glycine
2. Isoprene group through Cysteine
Name the protein membrane anchor that is found on the exoplasmic surface of the membrane
GPI anchor through Asp
What things are permeable to membranes?
Gases and Ethanol (a small uncharged polar molecule)
What type of transport uses the gradient of one ion to drive transport of another against its gradients
Secondary Active Transport
Which membrane transport requires ATP to push a molecule against its electrochemical gradient?
Primary Active Transport
Name the four classes of ATP powered transport proteins
- P-class pumps
- V-class proton pumps
- F-class proton pumps
- ABC superfamily (moves molecules vs ions)
