2016 physiology midterm Flashcards
which type of communication, the chemicals are released by one cell and diffuse to the neighboring cells?
a- endocrine
b- paracrine
c- nuerocrine
b- paracrine
What is true about the activation gate and inactivation gate during resting membrane?
a- both are closed
b- both are opened
c- activation gate is opened, inactivation gate is closed
d- activation gate is closed, inactivation gate is opened
d- activation gate is closed, inactivation gate is opened
Which hormone only acts on the surface receptor? a- insulin b- thyroxine c- estrogen d- cortisol
a- insulin
Which is the fastest way to transport vesicles in a cell? a- COPE1 b-COPE2 c- clatherin d- microtubules
d- microtubules
What subject has the highest water percentage ?
a- 20 year old female
b- 70 year old male
c- 20 year old athletic male
c- 20 year old athletic male
if we added 100ml 0f 2% NaCl to 400ml of 1% NaCl, what is the total concentration of the solution? a- 6% b- 1.2% c- 3% d- 2.1%
b- 1.2%
What is the function of phosphorylated R1?
a- recruit STAT
b- activates SMAD
b- activates SMAD
Na outside cell= 14 Na inside cell= 140 What is the membrane potential? a. 61 mv b. -61 mv c. 3.2 mv d. -3.2 mv
b. -61 mv
Na outside cell= 14 Na inside cell= 140 K outside cell= 150 K inside cell= 5 The channels for each are equal in number, what is the membrane potential? a. 61 mv b. -61 mv c. 3.2 mv d. -3.2 mv
c. 3.2 mv
Na outside cell= 14 Na inside cell= 140 K outside cell= 150 K inside cell= 5 All Na channels are open and half of the K channels are open. What is the membrane potential? a. 61 mv b. -61 mv c. 12.5 mv d. -12.5 mv
d. -12.5 mv
What is a characteristic of action potential?
a- the response gets weaker further away from the stimulus
b- All or none characteristic
c- summation of stimulus increases the response
b- All or none characteristic
What is the electrical potential of a cell that has 142mM of K+ inside and 14.2mM of K+ outside? a- 61 mv b- -61 mv c- 90 mv d- -90 mv
c- 90 mv
If a cell secretes a substance into the extracellular fluid and then bind to the receptor in nearby cells, what type of communication is that?
a- endocrine
b- paracrine
c- intercrine
b- paracrine
which factor mainly contribute to membrane potential in a nerve cell with resting membrane potential of -90 mv? a- equilibrium potential of Ca ++ b- equilibrium potential of Na+ c- equilibrium potential of K+ d- action of Na+ and K+ pump
c- equilibrium potential of K+
In a hot environment , subject had ( TBW = 60 – Osmolarity = 300 mOsm/L ) and he lost 1.5 L of sweat (0.2% NaCl ). What is the osmolarity after sweating?
309.4
A person gets an intravenous injection 1L of hypertonic solution, What will happen to his ECF & ICF?
a- ECF osmolarity increases , ICF osmolarity decrease
b- ECF osmolarity increases , ICF volume decrease
c- ECF volume increases , ICF volume decrease
B&C both correct
which force favors fluid movement from ISF to capillary?
a- Negative ISF pressure
b- ISF colloid osmotic pressure
c- plasma colloid osmotic pressure
c- plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Neurotransmitter vesicles fusion and subsequent release from presynaptic membrane occurs in many steps, which steps occur without an increase in intracellular calcium of presynaptic cell?
a- release of neurotransmitter
b- docking of vesicles
c- fusion of vesicles with the presynaptic membrane
b- docking of vesicles
What is the main reason for the termination of releasing neurotransmitter molecules in presynaptic cells?
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the presynaptic membrane
What is the osmotic pressure of 0.45% NaCl solution?
2969
Which of the following conditions results if a toxin affects cAMP signaling pathway?
a- Familial hyperglycemia
b- congenital diabetes insipidus
c- whooping cough
c- whooping cough
the cell action potential is more negative than the cell resting potential, what is that called?
a- overshoot
b- depolarization
c- hyperpolarization
c- hyperpolarization
By which mechanism does IgG antibody move through the cell membrane?
a- endocytosis
b- transcytosis
c- exocytosis
b- transcytosis
What enzyme is activated when atrial neutroretic factor binds to is receptor?
a- Adenylel cyclase
b- Guanlyl cyclase
c- phospholipase C
b- Guanlyl cyclase
A subject with 45L of TBW and Osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L, ICF = 30 L. He drinks 500mL of water that gets absorbed and immediately distrusted in his body fluid compartment. calculate the new osmolarity
a- 302
b- 297
b- 297
