2013 physiology endterm Flashcards
Release of insulin into the bloodstream is an example of which? A-Neurocrine B-Endocrine C-Autocrine D-Paracrine
B-Endocrine
What defines a reflex arc? A- two sensory receptors B- two sets of sequential neurons C- two motor neurons D- two central synapses
B- two sets of sequential neurons
When Steroid hormones bind to their receptors, they recruit Co-activators. What is the function of Co-activators?
A- act as 2nd messengers and phosphate the regulatory proteins
B- inhibit cAMP gene transcription
C- phosphate the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A
D- Unwind chromatin
E- act as chaperons that suppress gene transcription
D- Unwind chromatin
what’s the percentage of heat loss through radiation during exercise?
A. 5%
B. 80%
C. 15%
A. 5%
Describe the structure of f-actin? A. Short chain B. Single helical chain C. Double helical chain D. Triple helical chain
C. Double helical chain
What is the function of microtubules associated proteins?
A. Deliver ATP to microtubules
B. Facilities ATP hydrolysis
C. Organization of assembled microtubules
D. Docking of vesicles to nucleus
C. Organization of assembled microtubules
which cell has the highest density of desmosomes? A. hair cell B. liver cell C. skin cell D. glandular cell
C. skin cell
What best describes the situation when the core temperature increases but the set point doesn’t change?
A. hyperthermia
B. hypothermia
C. fever
A. hyperthermia
What is the function of microtubules in nerve cells?
a. move the charge through the axon
b. movement of vesicles along the axon
b. movement of vesicles along the axon
Which channel is responsible for the Ca+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
a. L type receptor
b. Mechanosensitive receptor
c. ROC receptor
d. Ryanodine receptor
d. Ryanodine receptor
A muscle shortened after contraction to 0.7 nM , before contraction A band was 1.6nm and muscle fiber was 2.6 nm, what is A band length after the contraction? A) 2.6 B) 0.3 C) 1.6 D) 0.7
C) 1.6
An important event that links obesity to glucose intolerance? A. Increased ghrelin secretion B. Excessive incretin secretion C. Pancreas unable to secrete insulin D. Subinflammatory state
D. Subinflammatory state
Which hormone is released during fasting?
A. insulin
B. glucagon
B. glucagon
Which of the following causes a high dietary acid load in a healthy individual? A. high carb diet B. high fat diet C. high protein diet D. vegetarian diet
C. high protein diet
What is the main characteristic of heat regulation in the body?
A. The subject loses heat via evaporation during swimming
B. Heat is lost mainly via radiation in climate temperature
C. Body heat is regulated by thalamus
B. Heat is lost mainly via radiation in climate temperature
which of the following glands act as endocrine and exocrine?
A. pancreas
B. adrenal
pancreas
What acid-base disorder is severe vomiting? A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
A 25-year-old woman’s weight is 62kg and her height is 1.72m. What is body fat percentage?
A) 25.5
B) 28.5
C) 32.5
A) 25.5
Increase on which of the following increase the risk of blood vessel ruptures? A) blood flow B) blood vessel diameter C) thickness of the vessel D) stiffness of the vessel
B) blood vessel diameter
diastolic pressure= 50 systolic pressure= 85 What is the mean arterial blood pressure? A. 50 B. 55 C. 62 D. 70 E. 74
C. 62
mean arterial pressure= diastolic + (Pulse pressure/3)
pulse pressure = systolic – diastolic
If the kidney has 500 L/min blood flow. left renal artery pressure is 100 mmHg and left renal vein pressure is 10 mmHg. What is resistance?
A) 0.18
B) 5
C) 1.3
A) 0.18
A subject has consumed 0.22L/min of
O2 and produced 0.16 L/min of Co2. He has normal diet (mixed) with 3 meals per day. What is the proportion of fat (F) and Carbohydrates (CH) that he uses for the energy production?
F 91% , CH 9%
It is well known that administering glucose orally causes a higher increase in insulin than administering glucose via intravenous (i. v.) infusion. What is the main reason for this difference?
A) increased incretin secretion
B) increased leptin secretion
A) increased incretin secretion
What can be concluded about a subject whose carbon dioxide production is 0.11 and O2 utilization is 0.18? A) high fat diet B) mixed diet C) high carbohydrate diet D) high protein diet
A) high fat diet
A subject has been relaxing in the sauna at 35℃ for 30 mins. Heat exchange is mainly through …
A) vasoconstriction
B) efficient heat loss through conduction
C) activation of sympathetic nervous system
C) activation of sympathetic nervous system
NSAIDs are used to block fever development by inhibiting the production of which of the following?
A) Prostaglandin E2
B) Cyclooxygenase 2
C) pro-inflammatory cytokines
A) Prostaglandin E2
What type of channel is Na-glucose symporter (SGLT2)?
A) primary active
B) secondary active
B) secondary active
According to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, which of the following increases the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen? A) decreased temperature B) decreased carbon dioxide C) decreased 2,3-DFG D) increased PH
all of them
Defective vasopressin (ADH) receptor causes which of the following?
A) Congenital diabetes insipedus
B) Whooping cough
C) familial hypercalcemia
A) Congenital diabetes insipedus
Which of the following activates protein kinase C?
A) DAG
B) IP3
A) DAG
What is the importance of Myosin I?
A) Regulation of tentsion
B) arrange actin on cortex
A) Regulation of tentsion
which of the following stimulates short term depression?
A) increased residual calcium
B) decreased releasable neurotransmitter
C) non-responsive receptors
B) decreased releasable neurotransmitter
What induces long-term potentiation?
phosphorylation of AMPA receptor
which of the following is necessary for smooth muscle contraction?
A) phosphorylation of MLCK phosphorylation of myosin light chain
B) phosphorylation of myosin light chain
C) phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase
B) phosphorylation of myosin light chain
What type of channel is Na-glucose symporter (SGLT2)?
A) primary active
B) secondary active
B) secondary active
There was a question on calculating oxygen content according to the following data: Hemoglobin binds 1.34 mL O2 Solubility of O2 in plasma 0.0305 Choose the closest number A) 150 B) 100 C) 50
A) 150
Amount of what changes directly due to acid load?
plasma dissolved HCO3
