2011 physiology midterm Flashcards
What is the correct sequence of homeostatic control? A. sensory>effector>integrating center B. integrating center> effector>sensory C. sensory>integrating center>effector D. effector>sensory>integrating center E. integrating center>sensory>effector
C. sensory>integrating center>effector
What is meant by transcytosis?
A. the movement of a substance along cell layers
B. the movement of a substance across the cell
membrane to the inside
C. secretion of substances outside of the cell
D. the transport of a substance from ER to golgi
E. the transport of a substance from golgi to ER
A. the movement of a substance along cell layers
What is triggered when epinephrine binds to its receptor?
A. generation of second messengers
B. dissociation of the ligand-receptor complex
C. degradation of the receptor
D. generation of first messengers
A. generation of second messengers
The resting membrane potential in a nerve is -90 mV. Which of the following contributes the most to the nerve RMP?
A. Cl- equilibrium potential
B. K+ equilibrium potential
C. Na+ equilibrium potential
D. Ca++ equilibrium potential
E. Organic anions trapped inside the cell
B. K+ equilibrium potential
What substrate does the G-protein bind to when it is activated?
A. tyrosine kinase
B. guanylate cyclase
C. signal transducers and activators of transcription
D. adenylyl cyclase
E. nuclear receptors
D. adenylyl cyclase
A lipophilic substance crosses the cell membrane and binds to its cytosolic receptor. What will this hormone receptor complex bind to next? A. DNA binding domain B. Heat shock proteins C. Co-repressors D. nuclear receptors E. response element
E. response element
By what method does calcium enter into the ER? A. Primary active transport B. Secondary active transport C. Tertiary active transport D. Facilitated transport E. Passive transport
A. Primary active transport
Which of the following does not affect the diffusion rate of simple diffusion?
A. concentration gradient
B. carrier numbers
C. molecular weight
D. surface area of the membrane
E. pressure difference across the membrane
B. carrier numbers
How do specific extracellular proteins enter the cell? A. pinocytosis B. transcytosis C. receptor mediated endocytosis D. exocytosis
C. receptor mediated endocytosis
What is true about the ionic distribution between the inside and outside of the cell?
A. the concentration of K+ is higher outside than inside the cell
B. the concentration of Na+ is higher inside than outside the cell
C. Most Ca++ ions are found inside the cell
D. Most organic anions are trapped inside the cell
E. Cl- concentrations are higher inside the cell
D. Most organic anions are trapped inside the cell
In homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, the cardiovascular center in the brain acts as: A. sensor B. effector C. set point D. efferent pathway E. integrating center
E. integrating center
-hydrostatic capillary pressure= 30 mmHg
-tissue colloid osmotic pressure= 9 mmHg
-negative interstitial fluid pressure= 2 mmHg
-plasma colloid osmotic pressure= 30 mmHg
calculate nef force
A. 11 mmHg inward
B. 11 mmHg outward
C. 7 mmHg outward
D. 7 mmHg inward
E. 51 mmHg inward
B. 11 mmHg outward
Where are most of the neurotransmitters found in the absence of the action potential?
A. in vesicles
B. in the cytoplasm
C. in the synaptic gap
D. integrated into the pre-synaptic membrane
E. bound to auto-receptors
A. in vesicles
What happens when a cell is placed in a solution of 9g of NaCl in 1L of water?
A. net movement of water outside of the cell
B. net movement of water inside the cell
C. no movement of water
D. no net movement of water
E. movement of NaCl to the inside of the cell
D. no net movement of water
What is the approximate resting membrane potential in myocytes with increased ADP/ATP ratio? A. 0 B. -85 mV C. -95 mV D. +20 mV E. -30 mV
C. -95 mV
Which event leads to an increase in the ICF volume?
A. infusion of .9% NaCl solution
B. hemorrhage
C. infusion of 400ml of 2.5% NaCl solution
D. drinking large amounts of water
E. losing more water than salt when exercising
D. drinking large amounts of water
If a solution of 282 mOsm/L is separated by a semi-permeable membrane from pure water, what is the osmotic pressure? A. 6450 B. 4536 C. 5431 D. 5420 E. 5443
E. 5443
What is the electrical potential needed to maintain the K+ concentration difference when: K+ inside= 100 K+ outside=10 A. +61 mV B. -61 mV C. +1.96 mV D. -90 mV E. -5.8 mV
B. -61 mV
Which of the following leads to extracellular edema? A. decrease in tissue pressure B. decrease in the capillary pressure C. decreased amount of plasma proteins D. increased lymph flow E. Na/k pump defect
C. decreased amount of plasma proteins
?
What is the function of Golgi in the cell? A. sorting of proteins B. oligomerization C. synthesis of lipids D. protein degradation E. folding of proteins
A. sorting of proteins
What mass of NaCl is required to make 1 osmolar solution of NaCl? (MWT=58.5) A. 58.5 B. 117 C. 29.25 D. 19.5 E. 14.625
C. 29.25
A person has 60L TBW with 280 mOsm/L osmolarity and ICF volume of 40L. He got an infusion of 500ml 2.9% NaCl solution. What is the total number of osmoles in his body after the infusion? A. 16900 B. 18200 C. 17100 D. 17300 E. 15600
D. 17300
For the same person above, what is the total osmolarity after infusion? A. 310 B. 285.9 C. 420 D. 295 E. 277
B. 285.9
A person has 40L TBW with 300 mOsm/L. He lost 1L of water due to heavy exercise. What is his new osmolarity? A. 295 B. 280 C. 330 D. 410 E. 308
E. 308
Which one of the following has the most body water? A. a 70 year old male B. a 70 year old female C. a 20 year old male D. a 30 year old female E. an 80 year old male
C. a 20 year old male
Which of these connects cells? A. Cadherins B. Heat shock proteins C. Steroids D. Actins E. Fibrins
A. Cadherins
Na inside= 10 Na outside= 130 Cl inside= 6 Cl outside= 118 K inside= 140 K outside= 4 What is the membrance potential when equal amounts of Na and Cl channels are open? A. 1.6 B. -1.6 C. -5.8 D. 5.8 E. -17
A. 1.6
