2016 physiology endterm Flashcards
A stenosis in the carotid artery reduces its diameter by 75%, What fold increase likely to occur in the resistance to blood flow? a- 75 fold b- 150 fold c- 256 fold d- 512 fold
c- 256 fold
What it is the most important buffer in urine?
a- Bicarbonate
b- Protein
c- Phosphate
c- Phosphate
Following data were recorded from an esophageal monitor, Diameter of descending aorta is 30mm and the mean aortic blood velocity 12cm/sec, What is the blood flow in L/min of ascending aorta?
5.01 L/min
25 years old female, height 175 cm and weight 60 kg, what is her fat %?
23.8
What physiologically change can happen to an elderly healthy individual during cold stress?
a- increase skin blood flow
b- increase sweat gland function
c- decreased peripheral vasoconstriction
d- increased thermogenic shivering
c- decreased peripheral vasoconstriction
How is LTP is induced?
a- High frequency stimulations and stimulate EPSP
b- Low frequency stimulation and low Ca+
a- High frequency stimulations and stimulate EPSP
What is the function of calcitonin?
a- increase calcium reabsorption by the kidney
b- increase calcium secretion by the kidney
c- increase bone resorption
b- increase calcium secretion by the kidney
What is the mechanism underlying associative property of LTP in short term memory?
A. Strong and weak signals
B. Two strong signals
A. Strong and weak signals
What will happen if blood Na levels are low?
a- Na-k ATPase is activated
b- K+ channels are down regulated
c- K+ channels are internalized
d- The density of epithelial sodium channels is decreased
a- Na-k ATPase is activated
Which subject has the biggest daily dietary acid load?
a- a person with Carbohydrates diet
b- a person with mixed diet
c- a person with protein diet
d- a person with vegan diet
c- a person with protein diet
Which GIT hormone promotes the desire for food?
a- Ghrelin
b-cholecytokinin
c- glucagon like peptide 1
a- Ghrelin
A healthy subject loaded with a large amount of acid (H+ ions) due to increase lactic acid production during heavy and prolonged exercise. Which parameter will be largely affected by exercise?
a- PH in ECF
b- PH in ICF
c- Concentration of HCO3- in ECF
c- Concentration of HCO3- in ECF
Where does ATP bind in Myosin 1 ?
a- TH1
b- Motor domain
c- actin binding site
b- Motor domain
0.2 L/min= O2
0.2 L/min =CO2
BSA= 1.6 m2 (Energy equivalent : 5.01 CARBS - 4.7 FAT)
What is the BMR?
no answer
What type of glucose transport occurs in glucose sodium transport? a- primary active transport b- simple diffusion c- facilitated diffusion d- secondary active transport
d- secondary active transport
What is the % of heat loss by radiation during exercise?
a- 22%
b- 5%
c- 15%
b- 5%
What happens during LTP?
a- Increase AMPA
b- Decrease neurotransmitter in presynaptic
a- Increase AMPA
What causes relaxation in smooth muscle ?
a- Activation of L- type channel
b- inhibition of Rho Kinase
b- inhibition of Rho Kinase
What is the receptor that activates cardiomyocytes?
a- alpha 1
b- beta 1
c- alpha 2
b- beta 1
Which molecules transport vesicles retrograde and anterograde?
a- Actin, myosin 1
b-Catherin , myosin 1
c- kinesin, dynein
c- kinesin, dynein
What is the role of microtubules in neurons?
a- fixation of the nucleus
b- Vesicle transport
b- Vesicle transport
Upon the increase of plasma cortisol levels, -ve feedback is activated. What pituitary hormone is consequently decreased?
a- CRH
b- ACTH
b- ACTH
Cumulative increase of intracellular concentration of what results in tetanic contraction of skeletal muscle? a- K+ b-Na+ c- ATP d- Ca++
d- Ca++
What is the statement that best describes a motor unit of skeletal muscle?
a- Skeletal muscles that contract at the same time
b- One skeletal muscle is innervated by many neurons
c- Small motor units are recruited before the large ones
c- Small motor units are recruited before the large ones
What describes anchoring junction ?
a- conduction of signals
b- connecting the cytoskeleton of two cells
b- connecting the cytoskeleton of two cells
PH = 7.35 (7.38-7.42) [HCO3-] = 19 (24-26) PaCO2= 32 (38-42) What is the acid – base status ? a- metabolic acidosis b- metabolic alkalosis c- respiratory acidosis d- respiratory alkalosis
a- metabolic acidosis
the pressure of the pulmonary artery with diameter 30mm and wall thickness 0.16mm has increased from 1.8kPA to 3.5kPA. What can normalize wall stress due to the increase in pressure?
a- increase in thickness from 0.16cm to 0.32 cm
b- decrease in diameter from 3.2cm to 3 cm
a- increase in thickness from 0.16cm to 0.32 cm
Oral glucose consumption stimulates insulin production more than IV glucose infusion. Which of the following chemicals is responsible for this phenomenon?
a- Ghrelin
b- Leptin
c- Glucose like peptide 1
c- Glucose like peptide 1
Which ion is used to enhance ATP use in F-actin ?
a- Ca
b- Na
c- Mg
c- Mg
Which mechanism is activated by thermoregulatory centers in response to the cold environment?
a- Activation of sweat glands
b- Dilation of dermal arteries
c- Activity of thyroid gland
c- Activity of thyroid gland
Which is responsible for calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum?
a- Mechanosensitive
b- L-Type
c- Ryanodine receptor channel
c- Ryanodine receptor channel
What best explains glucose intolerance in obese people?
a- diabetes
b- sub-inflammatory state
b- sub-inflammatory state
What is a person diet if O2 consumption is 0.16 L/min and CO2 production is 0.11 L/min?
a- mixed
b- fat diet
b- fat diet
What is best situation for high affinity of O2?
a- High PH
b- High temperature
c- Low PH
a- High PH
PH= 7.2 CO2 = 36 (low) HCO3- =18 (low) a- metabolic acidosis b- metabolic alkalosis c- respiratory acidosis d- respiratory alkalosis
d- respiratory alkalosis
PH= 7.2 (low) CO2 = 36 (low) HCO3- =18 (low) a- metabolic acidosis b- metabolic alkalosis c- respiratory acidosis d- respiratory alkalosis
a- metabolic acidosis
