2014 physiology endterm Flashcards
If the cardiac output (CO)=5 L/min and the total sectional area of capillaries is 5500 cm^2. What is the average speed of erythrocytes in these capillaries in (mm/s)? A. 0.001 B. 0.01 C. 0.15 D. 0.25
C. 0.15mm/s
oral glucose causes a higher increase in insulin release compared to glucose administered via iv route. What is the reason behind that?
A) Ghrelin secretion after iv
B) Incretin secretion from GIT after oral administration
C) Prompt release of cholecystokinin after iv
D) Leptin secretion after iv
B) Incretin secretion from GIT after oral administration
Which healthy person has the lowest acid load intake? A) a person on a high-fat diet B) a person on a high protein diet C) a person on a balanced diet D) a person on a vegetarian diet
D) a person on a vegetarian diet
a healthy subject was loaded with 10 mEq of H+ of extracellular fluid during heavy exercise. Which of the following parameters will be different one hour after the exercise? A) Intercellular pH B) Plasma pH C) Plasma [HCO3-] D) Plasma [ CO2]
C) Plasma [HCO3-]
Which of the following is a characteristic of long term depression? A) phosphorylation of AMPA receptors B) dephosphorylation of NMDA receptors C) more glutamate release D) internalization of AMPA receptors
D) internalization of AMPA receptors
A subject consumed 0.22L/min oxygen and 0.16L/min CO2. He had a mixed diet and 3 meals a day. Calculate the fat and carb percentages. A) F= 91% C=9% B) F=88% C=12% C) F=85% C=15% D) F=72% C=28
A) F= 91% C=9%
O2 consumption: 0.2 L/min Co2 consumption: 0.2 L/min Body surface area: 1.6 m2 Calculate the man's basal metabolic rate (carbs is 5.01, fat is 4.7, proteins 4.6) A) 35.95 B) 37.57 C) 57.45 D) 60.15
B) 37.57
A tumor had constricted the abdominal aorta to 1/2 its diameter. What is the change in resistance to blood flow? A) Decreased by 16 folds
B) Increased by 50%
C) Decreased by 8 folds
D) increased by 100%
A) Decreased by 16 folds
What enhances the affinity of hemoglobin to O2? A) increase in intracellular pH B) increase in body temp C) increase in concentration of 2,3-DPG D) increase in PaCO2
A) increase in intracellular pH
what will increase tension in an aortic aneurysm?
A) decrease in the systolic aortic pressure
B) decrease in the aortic blood volume
C) decrease in the aortic wall thickness
D) decrease in the aortic diameter
C) decrease in the aortic wall thickness
What is the structure of f-actin? A) double helical chain B) multiple helical chain C) monomers D) no defined structure
A) double helical chain
What’s the function of microtubules in the cell? A) pulling the chromosomes B) regulation of cell membrane C) stabilizing the nucleus D) help resist tension
A) pulling the chromosomes
PH 7.75 (7.38-7.42) HCO3 22 (22-26) PCO2 25 (38-42) What is the acid-base status of the patient? A) metabolic acidosis B) respiratory acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
Which cell of the following has the highest density of desmosomes? A) Skin cell B) Liver cell C) Hair cell D) blood cell
A) Skin cell
Which of these is enhanced when the plasma calcium concentration increases? A) Calcitriol B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxin D) Parathormone
B) Calcitonin
Why is transcellular water reabsorption negligible in renal distal tubules? A) hormone-dependent water reabsorption B) Tight junctions are very tight C) Absence of Aquaporins D) Negligible Na+ channel
C) Absence of Aquaporins
What is the main buffer in the body?
A) bicarbonate
B) phosphate
A) bicarbonate
What is the main buffer in the urine?
A) bicarbonate
B) phosphate
B) phosphate
Which intracellular signaling pathway occurs when a nicotinic receptor is activated?
A) Activation of GPCR leading to hyperpolarization
B) Activation of GPCR leading to depolarization
C) Opening of an ion nonspecific channel leading to depolarization
D) Opening of an ion nonspecific channel leading to hyperpolarization
C) Opening of an ion nonspecific channel leading to depolarization
When blood pressure decreases, what happens to maintain homeostasis?
A) Increased release of ACh from postganglionic cells
B) Decreased activity of beta receptors
C) Increased SNS activity
D) Decrease expression of muscarinic receptors
C) Increased SNS activity
What is the acid based disorder associated with a non-controlled/handled diabetes mellitus? A) Metabolic acidosis B) Metabolic alkalosis C) Respiratory acidosis D) Respiratory alkalosis
A) Metabolic acidosis
A scuba diver went under the water lava flow where the water temperature is 39. What makes the man preventing heat loss?
A) vasoconstriction
B) vasodilation
C) blocked evaporation
C) blocked evaporation
which protein forms thick filaments? A) actin B) myosin C) kinesin D) dynein
B) myosin
Which of the following refers to a motor unit?
A) A single muscle fiber and all the motor neurons that innervate it
B) All the motor neurons that innervate a single muscle fiber
C) All the muscles that contract at the same time
D) A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
D) A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Which of the following induces fever? A) PGE2 B) PGE4 C) PGI2 D) PGD2
A) PGE2
Which of the following channels is restricted to the luminal surface of renal tubular cells? A) K+ channels B) GLUT-2 C) Epithelial sodium channels D) Aquaporins
C) Epithelial sodium channels
(PH)= 7.27 (7.38-7.42) [HCO3] = 16 (22-26) (PaCO2) = 30 (38-42) What is the acid base status? A) Metabolic acidosis B) metabolic alkalosis C)respiratory acidosis D)respiratory alkalosis
A) Metabolic acidosis
(PH) 7.57 (7.38-7.42) (HCO-) 22 (22-26) (CO2) 25 (38-42) What is the acid base status? A) Metabolic acidosis B) metabolic alkalosis C) respiratory acidosis D) respiratory alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
Which one causes relaxation of VSMC? A) inhibition of Rho- kinase B) inhibition of potassium channel C) opening L-type channels D) myosin light chain phosphorylation
A) inhibition of Rho- kinase
What induces long-term potentiation?
phosphorylation of AMPA receptor
