2015 final Flashcards
In the following graph what represents nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
A. A green
B. B orange
C. C light blue
D. D purple
D. D purple
Which of the following has contractile ability?
mesangial cells
What structure is related to right sided perirenal effusion without penetrating the renal fascia?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. second part of the duodenum
D. Inferior vena cava
A. Liver
What could cause increased potassium secretion?
SGK1
Along the renal vasculature, which part has the largest decrease in hydrostatic pressure?
A. Afferent arteriole
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Peritubular capillary
D. Renal vein
A. Afferent arteriole
Reabsorption of this is dependent on megalin?
A. Reabsorption of filtered NaHCO3
B. Reabsorption of filtered glucose
C. Reabsorption of filtered albumin
C. Reabsorption of filtered albumin
Increases with increase carbonic anhydrase in the brush border?
A. Reabsorption of H2O in DT
B. Reabsorption of H20 in PT
C. Reabsorption of glucose
D. Reabsorption of HCO3 in PT
D. Reabsorption of HCO3 in PT
Urinary anion gap = 105 (high)
Titratable acid = 12 (low)
What mechanism over a long period of time causes acidosis?
A. hypophosphatemia
B. hypochloremia
A. hypophosphatemia
What transporter is mutated in Fanconi-Beckel syndrome?
A. GLUT1
B. SGLT2
C. GLUT2
C. GLUT2
What is considered as a secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome?
A. SLE
B. Cushing disease
C. Henoch schonlein purpura
A. SLE
Which of the following is a feature of post-infectious glomerulonephritis?
A. Sub-endothelial deposits B. Sub-epithelial deposits C. Crescent D. Mesangial deposits E. Neutrophils in glomerular capillary loops
E. Neutrophils in glomerular capillary loops
What is true about SIADH?
A. hypovolemia occurs
B. Urine Na more than 20 moles
B. Urine Na more than 20 moles
If you give a patient ADH infusion by IV, what does it cause?
A. acidosis
B. Hyponatremia
B. Hyponatremia
What is absorbed by Na/H exchanger?
HCO3
Which of the following is a characteristic of proximal renal tubular acidosis?
A. hyperkalemia B. Renal stones C. Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate D. Severe acidosis E. Glucosuria
C. Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate
What is a cause of normal anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?
A. diabetic ketoacidosis
B. lactic acidosis
C. methanol ingestion
D. RTA
D. RTA
35-year-old female with hematuria but no proteinuria or other signs for 2 years?
A. Minimal change disease
B. post- streptococcus infection
C. thin membrane disease
C. thin membrane disease
Which of the following stages is reversible in nephrotic range proteinuria?
A. Microalbuminuria
B. Hyperfiltration
A. Microalbuminuria
What is the consequence of taking loop diuretics?
increased calcium secretion
D
A man had a road traffic accident where he lost a large amount of blood, after which he died. What do you expect to see on examination of the kidneys?
A. Apical blunting
B. Diffuse necrosis of the kidneys
C. Papillary necrosis
E. Diffuse cortical necrosis
E. Diffuse cortical necrosis
What drug causes interstitial nephritis as a hypersensitivity reaction?
NSAIDs
Patient developed acute renal failure after using captopril. What is the underlying abnormality that leads to this?
bilateral renal artery stenosis
Why are cystine stones formed in urine but not ornithine, lysine, or arginine?
Because cystine is insoluble
What is the effect of Angiotensin II?
A. Decreases the single effect
B. increases the oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries
B. increases the oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries
Which of the following drugs (selective aldosterone receptor antagonist) has less hormonal side effects?
eplerenone
The ureter (crosses) which structure from lateral to medial
A. prostate B. rectum C. bladder D. vesical venous plexus E. Vas deferens F. Ureter G. Median umbilical ligament
E. Vas deferens
Related to the inferolateral border of an empty urinary bladder
A. prostate B. rectum C. bladder D. vesical venous plexus E. Vas deferens F. Ureter G. Median umbilical ligament
D. vesical venous plexus
Related to the apex of urinary bladder
A. prostate B. rectum C. bladder D. vesical venous plexus E. Vas deferens F. Ureter G. Median umbilical ligament
G. Median umbilical ligament
UAG (50) / pH 7.29 / Normal anion gap / HCO3 (low)/ PCO2 (low)
A. COPD B. Sedative overdose C. Accidental ingestion of HCL D hyperaldosteronism E. Cocaine
C. Accidental ingestion of HCL
UAG (50) / pH(low) / Normal anion gap / HCO3 26 (24-26)/ PCO2 (high)
A. COPD B. Sedative overdose C. Accidental ingestion of HCL D hyperaldosteronism E. Cocaine
B. Sedative overdose
Test of choice for urinary stones
A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis C. urine sample and culture D. Abdominal Ultrasound E. Renal function test F. CBC
A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis
Test that guides medical therapy for struvite stones
A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis C. urine sample and culture D. Abdominal Ultrasound E. Renal function test F. CBC
C. urine sample and culture
Associated with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
A. Subepithelial humps
B. Sub-endothelial deposits
C. Crescents
A. Subepithelial humps
Associated with rapid deterioration of renal function
A. Subepithelial humps
B. Sub-endothelial deposits
C. Crescents
C. Crescents
Patient on antibiotics developed acute renal failure. What will be seen on biopsy
eosinophilic infiltration
Patient chronically on Aspirin. What will be seen on biopsy
Lymphocytic infiltration
What is the mechanism of action of furesomide?
Inhibits the NKCC transporter
What do you call a case of the urethra that opens in the ventral surface of the penis?
A. epispadia
B. hypospadia
B. hypospadia
