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RENAL module - 4th year > 2015 final > Flashcards

2015 final Flashcards

1
Q

In the following graph what represents nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A. A green
B. B orange
C. C light blue
D. D purple

A

D. D purple

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2
Q

Which of the following has contractile ability?

A

mesangial cells

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3
Q

What structure is related to right sided perirenal effusion without penetrating the renal fascia?

A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. second part of the duodenum
D. Inferior vena cava

A

A. Liver

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4
Q

What could cause increased potassium secretion?

A

SGK1

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5
Q

Along the renal vasculature, which part has the largest decrease in hydrostatic pressure?

A. Afferent arteriole
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Peritubular capillary
D. Renal vein

A

A. Afferent arteriole

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6
Q

Reabsorption of this is dependent on megalin?

A. Reabsorption of filtered NaHCO3
B. Reabsorption of filtered glucose
C. Reabsorption of filtered albumin

A

C. Reabsorption of filtered albumin

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7
Q

Increases with increase carbonic anhydrase in the brush border?

A. Reabsorption of H2O in DT
B. Reabsorption of H20 in PT
C. Reabsorption of glucose
D. Reabsorption of HCO3 in PT

A

D. Reabsorption of HCO3 in PT

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8
Q

Urinary anion gap = 105 (high)
Titratable acid = 12 (low)
What mechanism over a long period of time causes acidosis?

A. hypophosphatemia
B. hypochloremia

A

A. hypophosphatemia

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9
Q

What transporter is mutated in Fanconi-Beckel syndrome?

A. GLUT1
B. SGLT2
C. GLUT2

A

C. GLUT2

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10
Q

What is considered as a secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome?

A. SLE
B. Cushing disease
C. Henoch schonlein purpura

A

A. SLE

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11
Q

Which of the following is a feature of post-infectious glomerulonephritis?

A. Sub-endothelial deposits
B. Sub-epithelial deposits
C. Crescent
D. Mesangial deposits
E. Neutrophils in glomerular capillary loops
A

E. Neutrophils in glomerular capillary loops

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12
Q

What is true about SIADH?

A. hypovolemia occurs
B. Urine Na more than 20 moles

A

B. Urine Na more than 20 moles

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13
Q

If you give a patient ADH infusion by IV, what does it cause?

A. acidosis
B. Hyponatremia

A

B. Hyponatremia

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14
Q

What is absorbed by Na/H exchanger?

A

HCO3

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15
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of proximal renal tubular acidosis?

A. hyperkalemia
B. Renal stones
C. Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate
D. Severe acidosis 
E. Glucosuria
A

C. Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate

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16
Q

What is a cause of normal anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?

A. diabetic ketoacidosis
B. lactic acidosis
C. methanol ingestion
D. RTA

A

D. RTA

17
Q

35-year-old female with hematuria but no proteinuria or other signs for 2 years?

A. Minimal change disease
B. post- streptococcus infection
C. thin membrane disease

A

C. thin membrane disease

18
Q

Which of the following stages is reversible in nephrotic range proteinuria?

A. Microalbuminuria
B. Hyperfiltration

A

A. Microalbuminuria

19
Q

What is the consequence of taking loop diuretics?

A

increased calcium secretion

D

20
Q

A man had a road traffic accident where he lost a large amount of blood, after which he died. What do you expect to see on examination of the kidneys?

A. Apical blunting
B. Diffuse necrosis of the kidneys
C. Papillary necrosis
E. Diffuse cortical necrosis

A

E. Diffuse cortical necrosis

21
Q

What drug causes interstitial nephritis as a hypersensitivity reaction?

A

NSAIDs

22
Q

Patient developed acute renal failure after using captopril. What is the underlying abnormality that leads to this?

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis

23
Q

Why are cystine stones formed in urine but not ornithine, lysine, or arginine?

A

Because cystine is insoluble

24
Q

What is the effect of Angiotensin II?

A. Decreases the single effect
B. increases the oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries

A

B. increases the oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries

25
Q

Which of the following drugs (selective aldosterone receptor antagonist) has less hormonal side effects?

A

eplerenone

26
Q

The ureter (crosses) which structure from lateral to medial

A. prostate
B. rectum
C. bladder
D. vesical venous plexus 
E. Vas deferens
F. Ureter
G. Median umbilical ligament
A

E. Vas deferens

27
Q

Related to the inferolateral border of an empty urinary bladder

A. prostate
B. rectum
C. bladder
D. vesical venous plexus 
E. Vas deferens
F. Ureter
G. Median umbilical ligament
A

D. vesical venous plexus

28
Q

Related to the apex of urinary bladder

A. prostate
B. rectum
C. bladder
D. vesical venous plexus 
E. Vas deferens
F. Ureter
G. Median umbilical ligament
A

G. Median umbilical ligament

29
Q

UAG (50) / pH 7.29 / Normal anion gap / HCO3 (low)/ PCO2 (low)

A. COPD
B. Sedative overdose
C. Accidental ingestion of HCL 
D hyperaldosteronism
E. Cocaine
A

C. Accidental ingestion of HCL

30
Q

UAG (50) / pH(low) / Normal anion gap / HCO3 26 (24-26)/ PCO2 (high)

A. COPD
B. Sedative overdose
C. Accidental ingestion of HCL 
D hyperaldosteronism
E. Cocaine
A

B. Sedative overdose

31
Q

Test of choice for urinary stones

A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis 
C. urine sample and culture
D. Abdominal Ultrasound 
E. Renal function test
F. CBC
A

A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis

32
Q

Test that guides medical therapy for struvite stones

A. CT plain of abdomen and pelvis 
C. urine sample and culture
D. Abdominal Ultrasound 
E. Renal function test
F. CBC
A

C. urine sample and culture

33
Q

Associated with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A. Subepithelial humps
B. Sub-endothelial deposits
C. Crescents

A

A. Subepithelial humps

34
Q

Associated with rapid deterioration of renal function

A. Subepithelial humps
B. Sub-endothelial deposits
C. Crescents

A

C. Crescents

35
Q

Patient on antibiotics developed acute renal failure. What will be seen on biopsy

A

eosinophilic infiltration

36
Q

Patient chronically on Aspirin. What will be seen on biopsy

A

Lymphocytic infiltration

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of furesomide?

A

Inhibits the NKCC transporter

38
Q

What do you call a case of the urethra that opens in the ventral surface of the penis?

A. epispadia
B. hypospadia

A

B. hypospadia

RENAL module - 4th year (17 decks)

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