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RENAL module - 4th year > 2008 module exam > Flashcards

2008 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

from the graph:

a. glucose is reabsorbed completely from S1
b. Cl- is reabsorbed in S2 and S3
c. Cl- is secreted in S1……….
d. sth. about Na!!!

A

b. Cl- is reabsorbed in S2 and S3

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2
Q

which structure is most likely to be injured when approaching the kidney from behind?

a. ureter
b. iliohypogastric nerve

A

b. iliohypogastric nerve

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3
Q

A contineuation of renal cortex to the medulla ?

A

Renal coloum

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4
Q

Many major calecys will form?

A

Pelvis

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5
Q

Sympathatic activatin for micturation?

A

Maybe lumbar seplanic

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6
Q

Which part of the nephron form mucula densa?

A

Distal tubule

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7
Q

Which cell secretes renin?

A

Juxtaglomuler cell

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8
Q

which structure develops from (….) major calyces?

A

Renal pelvis

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9
Q

Sympathetic innervation for micturition

A

Lumbar splanchnic?

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10
Q

Failure of ascending kideny?

A

Inferior mesentric artery

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11
Q

what is the plasma flow if cardiac ouput is 5.5L\min and hematocrit 45%?

A

605

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12
Q

What causes reduction in renal blood flow?

a. αagonist
b. αantagonist
c. βagonist
d. β antagonist

A

c. βagonist (Dr. Slave mentioned this in the lecure- but we don’t know if it is it the correct answer)

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13
Q

PH=7.3 , HCO3=35 compensated respiratory acidosis

A

-

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14
Q

PH=7.5, HCO3=24 respiratory alkalosis

A

-

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15
Q

what causes alkalosis in loop diuretic ?

e. activation of CA
f. activation of HCO3\Na co-transporter
g. decreased excretion of K

A

?

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16
Q

what causes an increase in ADH?

a. alcohol
b. increased osmolarity
c. increased volume

A

b. increased osmolarity

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17
Q

which one is ranked from the lowest clearance to highest

A

Glucose,creatinine,PAH

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18
Q

what can cause proteinurea?

a. increase in endothelial fenestration
b. lack of nephrin in GBM

A

b. lack of nephrin in GBM

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19
Q

effect of inhibition of Na\K ATPase

A

-

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20
Q

How does adh increase permeability of principal cells

A

-

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21
Q

What is a good indicator for acid excreted in urine?

a. Urine PH
b. NH3 filtered
c. HPO4 filtered

A

a. Urine PH

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22
Q

Which of these increases both RBF & GFR but keep FF unchanged?

a. Aldosterone
b. AII
c. NO

A

c. NO

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23
Q

Which non-voltile acid have to be removed from the body to maintain acid-base balance?

a. Salcilate acid
b. Phosphoric acid

A

a. Salcilate acid

this is right.. Dr. Renno: phosphoric acid is present in the body and can be removed

24
Q

Calculate UFP, Pgc= 60 , oncotic 1 =25 , oncotic2=20?

A

15

25
Q

Calculate excretion PAH=550, px=2,GFR=110?

A

300

26
Q

adverse effects of furesamide:

A

Ototoxicity

27
Q

adverse effect of thiazide:

A

Hyperglycemia

28
Q

Which drug causes preglomerular vasoconstriction?

A

Cyclosporin

29
Q

someone who had skull base fracture presenting with polyurea

A

-

30
Q

Urinary osmolarity < (200??) and after administering ADH -> > 800

A

-

31
Q

plasma na is 124 urine na is 15 what is likely cause

a. burn
b. syndrome of inappropriate ADH
c. Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

a. burn

32
Q

The most important indicator for prognosis of urothelial cancer

a. Grading
b. Staging (this is the answer according to dr. al whaib)
c. LN meatastasis

A

c. LN meatastasis

33
Q

A patient who had RTA has been diagnosed with prerenal azotemia. How much will his
urine sodium be?

a. 0.5
b. 15
c. 45
d. 50
e. 100

A

b. 15

34
Q

in what condition does the osmolar gap increases?

a. ethelyn glycol

A

?

35
Q

which one will be significant in this situations: an obese lady with hypokalemia, DM, and HTN, hairsutism

  1. ADH
  2. Cortisol ACE
  3. angiotensinΙΙ
A

cortisol

36
Q

which one will be significant in this situations: mediastinal lymphadenopathy with non-caseating granuloma

  1. ADH
  2. Cortisol ACE
  3. angiotensinΙΙ
A 
the answer is ACE not
Angiotensin 2 (sarcoidosis is associated with higher levels of ACE)
37
Q

40 year old man presented with malasie for 3 wks, +1 pitting edema in lower extremities. BP 150/95. His lab investigations showed: urinanalysis: no RBC, 1 WBC/HPF; 24 hr urine protein 4.1 gm, + hepatitis B surface Ag , N serum creatinine. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a. Membranous GN
b. SLE
c. ATN
d. Diabetic nephropathy
e. Poststreptococcal GN

A

a. Membranous GN

38
Q

6 year old girl with periorbital edema (other symptoms!) ,, improved after chemotherapy

A

Minimal change disease

39
Q

A male patient with strong family history of diabetes in first degree relatives present with tiredness, severe polyuria, frothy urine, and ankle swelling which mostly clears after a night sleep. He injects himself with insulin but doesn’t make the effort to control his diabetes. What is the renal pathophysiology caused by?

a. Increased glomeruli mesangial cellularity
b. Mesangial immune deposits
c. Glomerular sclerosis
d. Afferent arteriolar dilatation
e. Reduction of capillary wall negative charge

A

c. Glomerular sclerosis

40
Q

elderly patient with 1 yr? history of dysuria and frequency. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Prostatic hyperplasia (Not sure about both the Q and the answer)

41
Q

Multiple vertebral lesions. What is done to confirm the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma?

a. Transrectal biopsy
b. PSA 1

A

a. Transrectal biopsy (this is the right answer for sure) gold standard!!!
note: PSA 1 is a non specific marker!!!

42
Q

pregnant lady with UTI is given:

a. Ceftriaxone
b. Tri-methoprim-sulfamethaxazole

A

a. Ceftriaxone

43
Q

a patient in ICU developed UTI, what is the most likely causative organism?

a. Ecoli
b. pseudomonas
c. enterococci

A

a. Ecoli

44
Q
  1. a woman with recurrent UTI is likely to develop:
A

Chronic pyelonephritis

45
Q
  1. what is the diathesis in all diseases with stone formation?
A

Decreased solubility

46
Q

Which serotype of E-coli causes UTI ?

A

O2

47
Q

17.drug that is used for ( decreasing? Treating?) uric acid?

A

Allopurinol

48
Q

Patient with PVD + diabetic nephropathy + mswii lower limb angioplasty how to prevent
progressive loss of renal function shay chethi ?

a. Control DM
b. Control HTN
c. IV infusion
d. IVU
e. Insert folley cathater

A

b. Control HTN (according to Dr. Hanni’s Learning topic )

49
Q

A patient with suprapubic mass and ((other symptoms!)). What is the next step to manage him?

a. X ray for the abdomen
b. IVU
c. Insert folley catheter

A

c. Insert folley catheter

50
Q

40 year old male with (2 month? History of) Hematuria and Loin pain decrease with analgesics then developed HU + then analgesics lost their effect??? . on examination a mass measuring (…..) was found

A

Polycystic kidney (not sure)

51
Q

The most effective intervention to reduce the risk of end stage renal disease in hypertensive diabetic with microalbuminuria?

a. Protein restriction
b. Glucose control
c. ACE inhibition
d. Annual screening with renal US
e. Urinary tract infection prophylaxis

A

c. ACE inhibition

52
Q

A patient with ARF ((symptoms where mentioned)) what is the appropriate investigation?

A

(serial creatinine levels)

53
Q

Q :an old lady on NSAID was found to have high serum creatinine .what is the
investiagtion you will ask for?
a. US
b. Na level (I went to every possible dr. even the Indian one who taught us medicine no one answered me!!!!!)
(*is it ultrasound to check if acute or chronic ?or Na to see whether prerenal or renal failure?)

A

a. US

54
Q

. renal disease with distal tubular acidosis ( and stones???) ( not sure!)

A

Sponge kidney? not sure

55
Q

Ethics: a question about a patient with kidney failure who wants to undergo renal transplantation. Which of these is relevant to “medical indication”?

a. dialysis takes 15 minutes
b. dialysis is expensive in private hospitals
c. something that means that survival of those with renal transplant is 30% while it is 20% for those on dialysis
d. sth about the unrelated donor

A

d. sth about the unrelated donor

dr. manal: I don’t repeat my questions so u don’t need to know the answer!!!!!

RENAL module - 4th year (17 decks)

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