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RENAL module - 4th year > 2010 module exam > Flashcards

2010 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which is true during S1?

A

Cl reabsorption is less than water reabsorption

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2
Q

What stimulates the release of Renin?

  1. Hypotension
  2. Dilation of Afferant arteriole
A
  1. Hypotension
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3
Q

Which of the following increases the GFR?

  1. Hypoalbuminemia
  2. Hypotension
A
  1. Hypoalbuminemia
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4
Q

What is the rule of ADH in creating the interstial medullary gradiant?

  1. Increase the permeability of urea in the collecting duct.
  2. Activates the NaKCC co-transporter
A
  1. Increase the permeability of urea in the collecting duct.
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5
Q

How does ADH increase the single effect ?

A

Activation of NaKCC co-transporter in Thick ascending lope of henle

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6
Q

A 4th year medical student in 2013 RRB examination was brought to the hospital with the following test results
Ph 7.47 Pco2 25 HCO3 16
What is the problem?

A

Acute respiratory alkalosis.

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7
Q

What is true about K transport in the proximal tubule?

A

Paracellular

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8
Q

Renal physiology question: if Px= 1mg/ml Renal plasma flow(RPF)= 550
creatinine clearance =100 Tm of secretion= 80
What is the excretion rate ?

  • 180
  • 100
  • 360
  • 420
A
  • 180
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9
Q

Renal physiology question (week 9): Na= 130 glucose= 7 urea=9
measured osmolarity =322
Calculate the osmolar gap?

A

46

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10
Q

what stimulates the secretion of H in proximal tubule during Acidosis?

A

Endothelin-1

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11
Q

Hypokalemia?

A

Low intracellular Ph

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12
Q

Which of the following is a charachteristic of aquaporin 1?

A

Water reabsorption in the proximal tubule

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13
Q

A 53 year old man had an accidental on the base of his skull, which of the following will occur?

  • Urine osmolarity increase after administration of subcutaneous ADH (because he had developed neurogenic diabetes insipidus )
  • No change in urine osmolarity after administration of subcutaneous ADH
  • Increase in serum NA
A
  • Urine osmolarity increase after administration of subcutaneous ADH (because he had developed neurogenic diabetes insipidus)
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14
Q

A patient had developed protienuria, what would be the cause?

  • Loss of nephrin in glomerular basement barrier
  • Enlargement of pores
  • Mesangial contraction
A
  • Loss of nephrin in glomerular basement barrier
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15
Q

What causes high potassium secretion?

A

Opening of both ROMK + BK channels

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16
Q

Sympathetic stimulation to the kidney will lead to which of the following?

  • Induce the release of Renin
  • Lower the tone of the efferent arteriole
A
  • Induce the release of Renin
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17
Q

A patient with diarrhea had pH=Low, HCO3=low Co2=low, what is the compensation mechanism?

A

Decrease in HCO3 will increase CL reabsorption

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18
Q

A study was done to divers to measure the Pco2 in blood after holding their breath for 4-5 minutes, before diving the Pco2 was (37 – 42), after diving the Pco2 (47 – 52), but there was no change in Blood pH, why?

A

Excess H is being buffered by hemoglobin

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19
Q

In diuresis, medullary interstial osmolarity = 600, what is a contributing factor?

A

Increase blood flow to vasa recta

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20
Q

Fetal tissue obtain sufficient O2 although pO2 gradient =30?

A

Because fetal hemoglobin shifts dissociation curve to the left

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21
Q

What structure could be damaged during kidney resection?

A

Illioinguinal nerve

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22
Q

Uretric bud will give us which of the following structure?

A

Collecting duct

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23
Q

What supplies the middle aspect of the ureter?

A

Gonadal artery

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24
Q

What supplies the prostate?

A

Inferior vesical artery (which gives us the prostatic artery)

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25
Q

What could injured when you ligate uterine artery?

  • Tranverse cervical ligament
  • Uterovesical vien
  • Uterovaginal plexus (anatomy 1, slide 18)
A

Uterovaginal plexus (anatomy 1, slide 18)

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26
Q

Union of major calyces

A

Renal pelvis

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27
Q

Part of the cortex reaching the medulla

A

Renal columns

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28
Q

What secretes renin?

A

Juxtaglomeruler cells

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29
Q

What creates the hypertonicity in medullary interstiam?

A

Loop of henle

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30
Q

Which nerve gives sympatahtic innervations for micturation?

A

Lumbar sphlencnic

31
Q

What is the origin of the median umbilical ligament?

A

Urachus

32
Q

A 10 year old boy presented with protienuria more than 6mg, he had periorbital edema, and the histological appearance was normal, what will you find in the ultra structure?

A

Diffuse effacement of foot processes

33
Q

What prevents asceinding of the kidney?

A

inferior mesenstric artery

34
Q

What is a characteristic of post-strep glomerulonephritis?

A

Neutrophil infiltration in the capillary loop

35
Q

45 year old male with disturbance in bowel motion and hypokalemia?( we will have hypokalemia in a,b,and c, but with purgative abuse the patient will have an increase in bowel motion)

  • Purgative abuse
  • Villous adenoma at the rectum
  • Cushing syndrome
  • Liver cirrhosis
A
  • Purgative abuse
36
Q

Patient with ascites and hyponatremia?

A

Liver cirrhosis

37
Q

Histology slide shows a prostatic tissue near to the normal appearance , what is the gleason grade?

A

Grade 1

38
Q

A patient with gleason score= 10, what does it indicate?

A

Poorly differentiated prostatic tissue

39
Q

Damage to foot process?

A

Minimal change disease

40
Q

A case about a patient on analgesics for 10 years

A

Lymphocytic infiltration

41
Q

A patient had bacteria in his urine, which of the following is a typical finding?

A

Neutrophil infiltration

42
Q

Patient on antibiotic for 3 days, developed acute renal failure ?

A

ATN- Eisonophillic infiltration

43
Q

Bilateral clear cell carcinoma is associated with which syndrome?

A

Von hippel lindu

44
Q

Triphosphate stones are found in which type of stones?

A

Staghorn stones

45
Q

What lies in the level of L1?

A

Hilum

46
Q

What increases the cardiac output?

A

Increased stroke volume

47
Q

What is the characteristic of proximal renal tubular acidodsis ?

A

No reabsorption of HCO3

48
Q

What characterize a benign lesion and a cyst in the kidney?

A

Homogenous composition in Ultra sound

49
Q

A 45 year old Kuwaiti smoker with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension developed ESRF(end stage renal failure), which of the following risk factors highly predisposed this patient to develop end stage renal failure?

  • Hypertension
  • Smoking
  • Age
A
  • Hypertension
50
Q

What is the most imp modifiable risk factor of ESRF?

A

Diabetes

51
Q

A patient developed acute renal failure because of alteration in intraglomerular hemodynamics?

A

Declonphic (NSAID)

52
Q

A patient developed acute interstial nephritis with crystal formation?

A

Acyclovir

53
Q

How do we evaluate urethral stricture?

A

Ascending urethrography

54
Q

What is the diagnostic way of taking a urine sample of mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Early morning urine 3 constitutive days

55
Q

A pregnant women on antenatal care appointment with normal urine analysis but culture of e.coli is positive

A

Asymptomatic UTI

56
Q

We took midstream urine for analysis which one is bacteruria significant?

  • ↑ 10^5 for e.coli only
  • ↑10^5 for e.coli + klebsiella
A
  • ↑ 10^5 for e.coli only
57
Q

Mechanism of action of thiazide ?

A

Inhibit NaCl co-transporter(symporter)

58
Q

What drug causes hyperkalemia?

A

Spirolactone

59
Q

Best imaging for recurrent renal colic?

A

CT-KUB

60
Q

Patient with water retention and hyponatremia?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

61
Q

How would an inborn error in transport of bi-phasic amino acid manifest?

A

Cystinuria

62
Q

Microscopic examination showed hylanization of both afferent and efferent arteriols?

A

Diabetic neuropathy

63
Q

What is the most common zone for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Periurethral

64
Q

Which drug causes testicular atrophy?

A

Spirolactone

65
Q

Bladder dilatation and muscular wall hypertrophy?

A

Bladder diverticulitis

66
Q

A patient with metabolic acidosis and have high osmolar urine gap?

A

Methanol poisoning

67
Q

If we have failure of fusion of the renal vesicles and the collecting system?

A

Polycystic kidney

68
Q

A 50 years old patient presented with linear deposition of ANTI GBM and hemoptysis ?

A

Goodpastue

69
Q

Which of the following diseases will have subepithelial deposit in ultrastructure?

A

Membrenous GN

70
Q

Organize the following substances according to their clearance from the lowest to the highest

A

Glucose, creatinine, and then PAH

71
Q

A patient presented with bladder wall and diverticuli, what most likely would be the cause?

A

Urethral block

72
Q

Which of the following is 50% inulin clearance?

A

Urea

73
Q

Which of the following is correct about RTA?

A

Distal RTA causes stone formation

RENAL module - 4th year (17 decks)

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