2010 final Flashcards
Acid base info with everything normal, when you calculate PAG it was high
High plasma anion gap with decrease in unmeasured anion
Histology showed lymphocytic &eosinophilic infiltration and edema, what is the pathology?
- Drug induced hypersensitivity
- Analgesics nephropathy
- Drug induced hypersensitivity
If the CO = 5.5, Hematocrit = 45%, what is the RPF?
605
Patient with previous history of Schistosomahematobium developed cancer of the renal pelvis. What type?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney
Main transporter in the TALH?
Na/K/2Cl
Patient is taking thiazide diuretics, which drug is used to preserve K+ ?
Amiloride
Patient with MI, what is increased in his serum?
Lactate
Values showed metabolic acidosis with normal blood volume. What is the cause?
Renal tubular acidosis
A patient with increased urine output was treated with ADH and he responded to the treatment. What is the cause?
Complete neurogenic diabetes insipidus
(The same previous question) if the patient show no response to ADH?
Complete nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Remnant of the median umbilical ligament?
Urachus
Forms the anterolateral boarder of the urogenital diaphragm?
Ischiopubic ramus
Failure of union between the ureteric bud and the mesenchyme?
Kidney agenesis
Cut section showed well defined mass with slit like spaces and whorled apperance?
Fibroadenoma
Patient with HBV who have nephritic syndrome?
Membranous glomeriolonephritis
Patient with dilated pelvis & severe cortical atrophy?
End stage hydronephrosis
By which mechanism does diuretics increase K secretion?
?
Which structure compresses the left renal vein and affects the testes?
Superior mesenteric artery
A 4 years old child with protienuria& edema?
Minimal change disease
Fused foot processes on electron microscope?
Minimal change disease
What happens if nephrin decreases?
Clearance of albumin will increase
How to estimate GFR?
- Creatinine clearance
- PAH plasma clearance
- Creatinine clearance
If GFR decreased to double, what will happen to creatinine?
Decrease to less than double
What separates the peri-renal fat from the para-renal fat?
Renal fascia
DNA virus?
HBV
Patient on dialysis?
HCV
What is the first layer in the dorsal part to approach the kidney?
Thoracolumbar fascia
Coarse stones that damage the parenchyma and the calyces?
Stag-horn
During volume expansion, the decrease in Na reabsorption in collecting ducts is due to?
↓ aldosterone
During volume expansion, the decrease in Na reabsorption in proximal tubules is due to?
↓ angiotensin II
What is the main cause of metabolic alkalosis in a patient w/ hyperkalemia?
?
What happens if a person is on high K diet?
Both receptors are expressed
What is the effect of insulin?
Move K inside the cell
What condition leads to increase the level of ADH in the body?
Being in the desert for 5 hrs without water
Patient with normal PH, normal HCO3, but ↑ anion gap (not sure)
No acid base disorder (same concept as question 4, only unmeasured
anion)
Patient with normal PH, ↓ HCO3, ↓ CO2, normal anion gap (not sure)
Respiratory alkalosis + metabolic acidosis e.g. aspirin overdose
Which part of the nephron is impermeable to solute?
Thin descending loop of Henle
How can amakrin damage the kidney?
Acute tubular necrosis
Loss of blood induces sympathetic activation and increase in RAAS. What is the effect on GFR, RPF, FF?
↓ GFR, ↓RPF , ↑ FF
An old man with plasma Na=149, urine osmolarity was only 300. What is your diagnosis?
Diabetes insipidus
Patient with RTA, ruptured spleen. What could be the consequences?
Acute pre-renal failure
Post infectious glomerulonephritis would show?
Subepithelial humps
Blood and urine analysis showed low PH, low HCO3 , low CO2 , normal Cl , urea is low. What was the compensatory mechanism?
Reabsorb all HCO3 (normally the kidney reabsorbs all HCO3) ü Make new HCO3
Calculate free water clearance.
Urine volume = 700 ml ,Uosm = 1400 mg/l , Posm = 265 mg/l.
-3
What is the most lobe affected in prostatic hyperplasia?
Posterior lobe
A 50 years old male had enlarged prostate with difficulty urinating. What is the Diagnostic method?
Ultrasound
Surgery of the posterior surface of the kidney may effect?
Ilioinguinal nerve
What is true from the following?
- The hilum is on the trans-pyloric plane 5 cm from midline on T12
(trans-pyloric is on L1?) - The posterior surface is related to the spinous process of T11 to L3
- The posterior surface is related to the spinous process of T11 to L3
A male is diagnosed with UTI and his urine ph=8 (alkaline urine)?
Proteus mirabilis
Renal inflammation, fibrosis, cortical atrophy and loss of renal medulla?
Chronic pyelonephritis
What does fractional excretion above 1 indicate?
Substance is filtered and secreted
What is the most common congenital anomaly in children?
Vesicoureteral reflux
A 60 year old smoker with hemoptysis and rapidly progressive renal dysfunction?
Cresents
