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RENAL module - 4th year > 2010 final > Flashcards

2010 final Flashcards

1
Q

Acid base info with everything normal, when you calculate PAG it was high

A

High plasma anion gap with decrease in unmeasured anion

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2
Q

Histology showed lymphocytic &eosinophilic infiltration and edema, what is the pathology?

  • Drug induced hypersensitivity
  • Analgesics nephropathy
A
  • Drug induced hypersensitivity
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3
Q

If the CO = 5.5, Hematocrit = 45%, what is the RPF?

A

605

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4
Q

Patient with previous history of Schistosomahematobium developed cancer of the renal pelvis. What type?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney

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5
Q

Main transporter in the TALH?

A

Na/K/2Cl

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6
Q

Patient is taking thiazide diuretics, which drug is used to preserve K+ ?

A

Amiloride

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7
Q

Patient with MI, what is increased in his serum?

A

Lactate

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8
Q

Values showed metabolic acidosis with normal blood volume. What is the cause?

A

Renal tubular acidosis

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9
Q

A patient with increased urine output was treated with ADH and he responded to the treatment. What is the cause?

A

Complete neurogenic diabetes insipidus

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10
Q

(The same previous question) if the patient show no response to ADH?

A

Complete nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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11
Q

Remnant of the median umbilical ligament?

A

Urachus

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12
Q

Forms the anterolateral boarder of the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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13
Q

Failure of union between the ureteric bud and the mesenchyme?

A

Kidney agenesis

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14
Q

Cut section showed well defined mass with slit like spaces and whorled apperance?

A

Fibroadenoma

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15
Q

Patient with HBV who have nephritic syndrome?

A

Membranous glomeriolonephritis

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16
Q

Patient with dilated pelvis & severe cortical atrophy?

A

End stage hydronephrosis

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17
Q

By which mechanism does diuretics increase K secretion?

A

?

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18
Q

Which structure compresses the left renal vein and affects the testes?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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19
Q

A 4 years old child with protienuria& edema?

A

Minimal change disease

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20
Q

Fused foot processes on electron microscope?

A

Minimal change disease

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21
Q

What happens if nephrin decreases?

A

Clearance of albumin will increase

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22
Q

How to estimate GFR?

  • Creatinine clearance
  • PAH plasma clearance
A
  • Creatinine clearance
23
Q

If GFR decreased to double, what will happen to creatinine?

A

Decrease to less than double

24
Q

What separates the peri-renal fat from the para-renal fat?

A

Renal fascia

25
Q

DNA virus?

A

HBV

26
Q

Patient on dialysis?

A

HCV

27
Q

What is the first layer in the dorsal part to approach the kidney?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

28
Q

Coarse stones that damage the parenchyma and the calyces?

A

Stag-horn

29
Q

During volume expansion, the decrease in Na reabsorption in collecting ducts is due to?

A

↓ aldosterone

30
Q

During volume expansion, the decrease in Na reabsorption in proximal tubules is due to?

A

↓ angiotensin II

31
Q

What is the main cause of metabolic alkalosis in a patient w/ hyperkalemia?

A

?

32
Q

What happens if a person is on high K diet?

A

Both receptors are expressed

33
Q

What is the effect of insulin?

A

Move K inside the cell

34
Q

What condition leads to increase the level of ADH in the body?

A

Being in the desert for 5 hrs without water

35
Q

Patient with normal PH, normal HCO3, but ↑ anion gap (not sure)

A

No acid base disorder (same concept as question 4, only unmeasured
anion)

36
Q

Patient with normal PH, ↓ HCO3, ↓ CO2, normal anion gap (not sure)

A

Respiratory alkalosis + metabolic acidosis e.g. aspirin overdose

37
Q

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to solute?

A

Thin descending loop of Henle

38
Q

How can amakrin damage the kidney?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

39
Q

Loss of blood induces sympathetic activation and increase in RAAS. What is the effect on GFR, RPF, FF?

A

↓ GFR, ↓RPF , ↑ FF

40
Q

An old man with plasma Na=149, urine osmolarity was only 300. What is your diagnosis?

A

Diabetes insipidus

41
Q

Patient with RTA, ruptured spleen. What could be the consequences?

A

Acute pre-renal failure

42
Q

Post infectious glomerulonephritis would show?

A

Subepithelial humps

43
Q

Blood and urine analysis showed low PH, low HCO3 , low CO2 , normal Cl , urea is low. What was the compensatory mechanism?

A

Reabsorb all HCO3 (normally the kidney reabsorbs all HCO3) ü Make new HCO3

44
Q

Calculate free water clearance.

Urine volume = 700 ml ,Uosm = 1400 mg/l , Posm = 265 mg/l.

A

-3

45
Q

What is the most lobe affected in prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Posterior lobe

46
Q

A 50 years old male had enlarged prostate with difficulty urinating. What is the Diagnostic method?

A

Ultrasound

47
Q

Surgery of the posterior surface of the kidney may effect?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

48
Q

What is true from the following?

  • The hilum is on the trans-pyloric plane 5 cm from midline on T12
    (trans-pyloric is on L1?)
  • The posterior surface is related to the spinous process of T11 to L3
A
  • The posterior surface is related to the spinous process of T11 to L3
49
Q

A male is diagnosed with UTI and his urine ph=8 (alkaline urine)?

A

Proteus mirabilis

50
Q

Renal inflammation, fibrosis, cortical atrophy and loss of renal medulla?

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

51
Q

What does fractional excretion above 1 indicate?

A

Substance is filtered and secreted

52
Q

What is the most common congenital anomaly in children?

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

53
Q

A 60 year old smoker with hemoptysis and rapidly progressive renal dysfunction?

A

Cresents

RENAL module - 4th year (17 decks)

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