2011 final Flashcards
Which of the following is anatomically true regarding the kidneys?
They lie against the posterior abdominal wall retroperitoneally
Which of the following structures can be injured during resection of the kidney from the back?
Ilioinguinal nerve
Which of the following structures are the filtration slits related to?
Pedicles
Which of the following structures participates in the concentration of medullary interstitium and urine?
Loop of henle
Why would a patient with chronic renal failure develop anemia?
Because the kidney produces erythropoietin
What would sympathetic stimulation of the kidney result in?
Renin release from the granular cells
Why would the renal blood flow decrease when the renal venous resistance increases?
Because the renal blood flow depends on the pressure gradient and resistance
What is the renal plasma flow if the GFR = 95 ml/min and the filtration fraction = 25%?
380 ml/min
Which of the following changes occurs when there is an increase in
sodium chloride delivery to the macula densa?
The afferent arteriole constricts
If a substance X has a Px = filtrate concentration = 2 mg/ml, inulin clearance = 120 ml/min, and Tm for reabsorption = 180 mg/min. What is the clearance of substance X?
30 ml/min
Which of the following is correct regarding a substance that has an excretional fraction of 1.5?
The substance is freely filtered and secreted
Which of the following causes a decrease in sodium reabsorption in the
collecting duct?
Reduced production of aldosterone
Which of the following causes an increase in blood flow in the vasa recta?
Suppressed ADH secretion
In which of the following conditions will be associated with metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia?
- Diarrhea
- Diuretics
• Diarrhea
The arterial blood gas and acid base profile of a patient is as follows: Low pH, low HCO3, low CO2, high Cl, and a normal anion gap. Which of the following is true regarding his condition?
Loss of HCO3 is accompanied by increased tubular reabsorption of chloride
What is the ideal sample to diagnose E. coli urinary tract infection?
Midstream urine
A newly married woman developed a urinary tract infection. What is the microorganism of concern?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
A Caucasian male develops benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the following symptoms is due to obstruction?
Hesitancy
A kidney biopsy showed edema, inflammation with lymphocytes and
eosinophils. Which of the following might be the cause?
Drug allergy
What can be seen ultrastructurally in a kidney biopsy of a patient with post infectious glomerulonephritis?
Subepithelial humps
A normotensive patient was found to have metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap. What is the likely condition?
Renal tubular acidosis
A hyponatremic patient is passing highly concentrated urine. His thyroid
and adrenal function tests were normal; what is the likely condition?
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
Which of the following drugs can cause renal failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis?
Captopril
Which of the following drugs can cause acute tubular necrosis along
with hepatic failure?
Acetaminophen
Which of the following drugs is associated with metabolic alkalosis?
Furosemide
What is the underlying pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate
What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in Kuwait?
Diabetes
