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RENAL module - 4th year > 2011 final > Flashcards

2011 final Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is anatomically true regarding the kidneys?

A

They lie against the posterior abdominal wall retroperitoneally

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2
Q

Which of the following structures can be injured during resection of the kidney from the back?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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3
Q

Which of the following structures are the filtration slits related to?

A

Pedicles

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4
Q

Which of the following structures participates in the concentration of medullary interstitium and urine?

A

Loop of henle

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5
Q

Why would a patient with chronic renal failure develop anemia?

A

Because the kidney produces erythropoietin

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6
Q

What would sympathetic stimulation of the kidney result in?

A

Renin release from the granular cells

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7
Q

Why would the renal blood flow decrease when the renal venous resistance increases?

A

Because the renal blood flow depends on the pressure gradient and resistance

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8
Q

What is the renal plasma flow if the GFR = 95 ml/min and the filtration fraction = 25%?

A

380 ml/min

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9
Q

Which of the following changes occurs when there is an increase in
sodium chloride delivery to the macula densa?

A

The afferent arteriole constricts

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10
Q

If a substance X has a Px = filtrate concentration = 2 mg/ml, inulin clearance = 120 ml/min, and Tm for reabsorption = 180 mg/min. What is the clearance of substance X?

A

30 ml/min

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11
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding a substance that has an excretional fraction of 1.5?

A

The substance is freely filtered and secreted

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12
Q

Which of the following causes a decrease in sodium reabsorption in the
collecting duct?

A

Reduced production of aldosterone

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13
Q

Which of the following causes an increase in blood flow in the vasa recta?

A

Suppressed ADH secretion

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14
Q

In which of the following conditions will be associated with metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia?

  • Diarrhea
  • Diuretics
A

• Diarrhea

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15
Q

The arterial blood gas and acid base profile of a patient is as follows: Low pH, low HCO3, low CO2, high Cl, and a normal anion gap. Which of the following is true regarding his condition?

A

Loss of HCO3 is accompanied by increased tubular reabsorption of chloride

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16
Q

What is the ideal sample to diagnose E. coli urinary tract infection?

A

Midstream urine

17
Q

A newly married woman developed a urinary tract infection. What is the microorganism of concern?

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

18
Q

A Caucasian male develops benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the following symptoms is due to obstruction?

A

Hesitancy

19
Q

A kidney biopsy showed edema, inflammation with lymphocytes and
eosinophils. Which of the following might be the cause?

A

Drug allergy

20
Q

What can be seen ultrastructurally in a kidney biopsy of a patient with post infectious glomerulonephritis?

A

Subepithelial humps

21
Q

A normotensive patient was found to have metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap. What is the likely condition?

A

Renal tubular acidosis

22
Q

A hyponatremic patient is passing highly concentrated urine. His thyroid
and adrenal function tests were normal; what is the likely condition?

A

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

23
Q

Which of the following drugs can cause renal failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis?

A

Captopril

24
Q

Which of the following drugs can cause acute tubular necrosis along
with hepatic failure?

A

Acetaminophen

25
Q

Which of the following drugs is associated with metabolic alkalosis?

A

Furosemide

26
Q

What is the underlying pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Reduced reabsorption of bicarbonate

27
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in Kuwait?

A

Diabetes

RENAL module - 4th year (17 decks)

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