2012 final Flashcards
Taking NSAIDs for 10 years will cause what?
a. Renal failure, lymphocytic infiltration
b. Renal failure, eosinophilic infiltration
a. Renal failure, lymphocytic infiltration
A patient on antibiotics developed acute renal failure. What will be seen in the biopsy?
a. Renal failure, eosinophilic infiltration
b. Renal failure, lymphocytic infiltration
a. Renal failure, eosinophilic infiltration
What increases K+ secretion?
Glucocorticoids
What is the mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity?
Depletion of glutathione
What is an effect of loop diuretics?
Increased excretion of calcium ions
A patient developed an acute renal failure after using captopril. What is the mechanism?
Bilateral renal artery stenosis
What occurs in the thick ascending loop of Henle?
Reabsorption of Na+ through NKCC2
Which of the following will lead to a decrease in RBF and a negligible decrease in GFR with an increase in filtration fraction?
AngiotensinII
Which of the following will lead to a decrease in renal blood flow when other factors remain constant?
▪ Decrease in MAP
▪ Increase in CO
▪ Decrease in hematocrit
▪ Increase in venous resistance
▪ Decrease in MAP
Which drug causes nephrotoxicity by altering the cellular hemodynamics and reducing perfusion?
▪ NSAIDs
▪ Cisplatin
▪ Aminoglycosides
▪ Acyclovir
▪ NSAIDs
A 51-year old male presented with loin pain, hematuria, and neoplastic renal pelvis. Urine analysis showed malignant cells. What is the cause?
Transitional cell tumor
What is the excretion rate if the filtered load of x=120 mg/min, peritubular capillaries concentration= 25 mg/ml, and Tm for secretion= 20 mg/min?
▪ 140 mg/min
▪ 100 mg/min
▪ 90 mg/min
▪ 145 mg/min
▪ 140 mg/min
Measure the excretion rate of glucose if Px=3 mg/ml, inulin clearance=100 mg/min, and Tm=375 mg/min.
▪0
▪ 75
▪ 100
▪ 300
▪0
A 12-year old boy presented with renal colic after taking chemotherapy for leukemia. What type of stone did he develop?
Uric acid stone
What describes multifocal renal abscesses and necrosis of the tips of the renal papilla?
Acute pyelonephritis
A 23-year old male came with gynecomastia and testicular mass showing reinke crystals. Diagnose.
Leydig cell tumor
What is decreased in glomerulus sclerosis?
Glomerular capillary surface area
What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule so that its concentration increases in the cortex and hence causing acute tubular necrosis?
Aminoglycosides
What is the main absorptive pathway for potassium in the proximal tubule?
▪ Effect of insulin on NKCC
▪ Change in pH
▪ Effect of insulin on NKCC
What prevents hyperkalemia after a K+ rich meal?
Paracellular pathway
What is the main driving pressure for filtration in the kidneys?
Hydrostatic pressure of glomerulus
What structure can be ligated and cut instead of the uterine vessels during hysterectomy?
▪ Ureters
▪ Inferior vesical arteries
▪ Superior vesical arteries
▪ Uterine tubes
▪ Ureters
A 45-year old obese woman, with a history of hypertension, presented with muscle cramps and metabolic alkalosis. What is the cause?
▪ Cushing’s syndrome
▪ Addison’s disease
▪ Diuretics
▪ Renal tubular acidosis
▪ Cushing’s syndrome
Which drug causes gynecomastia?
Spironolactone
Which drug causes ototoxicity?
Furosemide
What corresponds to L4?
Iliac crest
