2012 final

Question 1

Taking NSAIDs for 10 years will cause what?

a. Renal failure, lymphocytic infiltration
b. Renal failure, eosinophilic infiltration

Answer 1

a. Renal failure, lymphocytic infiltration

Question 2

A patient on antibiotics developed acute renal failure. What will be seen in the biopsy?

a. Renal failure, eosinophilic infiltration
b. Renal failure, lymphocytic infiltration

Answer 2

a. Renal failure, eosinophilic infiltration

Question 3

What increases K+ secretion?

Answer 3

Glucocorticoids

Question 4

What is the mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity?

Answer 4

Depletion of glutathione

Question 5

What is an effect of loop diuretics?

Answer 5

Increased excretion of calcium ions

Question 6

A patient developed an acute renal failure after using captopril. What is the mechanism?

Answer 6

Bilateral renal artery stenosis

Question 7

What occurs in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 7

Reabsorption of Na+ through NKCC2

Question 8

Which of the following will lead to a decrease in RBF and a negligible decrease in GFR with an increase in filtration fraction?

Answer 8

AngiotensinII

Question 9

Which of the following will lead to a decrease in renal blood flow when other factors remain constant?

▪ Decrease in MAP
▪ Increase in CO
▪ Decrease in hematocrit
▪ Increase in venous resistance

Answer 9

▪ Decrease in MAP

Question 10

Which drug causes nephrotoxicity by altering the cellular hemodynamics and reducing perfusion?

▪ NSAIDs
▪ Cisplatin
▪ Aminoglycosides
▪ Acyclovir

Answer 10

▪ NSAIDs

Question 11

A 51-year old male presented with loin pain, hematuria, and neoplastic renal pelvis. Urine analysis showed malignant cells. What is the cause?

Answer 11

Transitional cell tumor

Question 12

What is the excretion rate if the filtered load of x=120 mg/min, peritubular capillaries concentration= 25 mg/ml, and Tm for secretion= 20 mg/min?

▪ 140 mg/min
▪ 100 mg/min
▪ 90 mg/min
▪ 145 mg/min

Answer 12

▪ 140 mg/min

Question 13

Measure the excretion rate of glucose if Px=3 mg/ml, inulin clearance=100 mg/min, and Tm=375 mg/min.

▪0
▪ 75
▪ 100
▪ 300

Answer 13

▪0

Question 14

A 12-year old boy presented with renal colic after taking chemotherapy for leukemia. What type of stone did he develop?

Answer 14

Uric acid stone

Question 15

What describes multifocal renal abscesses and necrosis of the tips of the renal papilla?

Answer 15

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 16

A 23-year old male came with gynecomastia and testicular mass showing reinke crystals. Diagnose.

Answer 16

Leydig cell tumor

Question 17

What is decreased in glomerulus sclerosis?

Answer 17

Glomerular capillary surface area

Question 18

What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule so that its concentration increases in the cortex and hence causing acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides

Question 19

What is the main absorptive pathway for potassium in the proximal tubule?

▪ Effect of insulin on NKCC
▪ Change in pH

Answer 19

▪ Effect of insulin on NKCC

Question 20

What prevents hyperkalemia after a K+ rich meal?

Answer 20

Paracellular pathway

Question 21

What is the main driving pressure for filtration in the kidneys?

Answer 21

Hydrostatic pressure of glomerulus

Question 22

What structure can be ligated and cut instead of the uterine vessels during hysterectomy?

▪ Ureters
▪ Inferior vesical arteries
▪ Superior vesical arteries
▪ Uterine tubes

Answer 22

▪ Ureters

Question 23

A 45-year old obese woman, with a history of hypertension, presented with muscle cramps and metabolic alkalosis. What is the cause?

▪ Cushing’s syndrome
▪ Addison’s disease
▪ Diuretics
▪ Renal tubular acidosis

Answer 23

▪ Cushing’s syndrome

Question 24

Which drug causes gynecomastia?

Answer 24

Spironolactone

Question 25

Which drug causes ototoxicity?

Answer 25

Furosemide

Question 26

What corresponds to L4?

Answer 26

Iliac crest