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Anatomy and Physiology II > 18) Heart > Flashcards

18) Heart Flashcards

Chapter 18: Cardiovascular System: the Heart 1-25 quiz, 26-? notes

1
Q

space containing serous fluid to reduce friction during heart beats

A

pericardial cavity

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2
Q

distributes blood to body organs (systemic circuit) except lungs

A

aorta

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3
Q

membranes around heart

A

pericardial sac

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4
Q

gives rise to left and right pulmonary arteries

A

pulmonary trunk

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5
Q

supplies blood to heart muscles

A

coronary artery

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6
Q

inner lining of heart chamber

A

endocardium

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7
Q

prevents blood movement from right ventricle to right atria

A

tricuspid valve

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8
Q

drains blood from myocardium into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

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9
Q

layer largely compossed of cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocardium

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10
Q

drains blood from myocardial capilaries

A

cardiac vein

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11
Q

prevents blood movement from left ventricle to left atrium

A

mitral (bicuspid) valve

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12
Q

structure from which chordae tendineae originate

A

papillary muscles

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13
Q

the location of pacemaker cells responsible for determining heart rate

A

sinoatrial node

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14
Q

the amount of blood that leaves the heart in one minute

A

cardiac output

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15
Q

the amount of blood that leaves the heart in one pump

A

stroke volume

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16
Q

responsible for keeping hear rate slow by innervating the nodes

A

parasympathetic division

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17
Q

term for heart relaxation

A

diastole

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18
Q

amount of blood in the heart after venous returm

A

EDV (end-diastolic volume)

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19
Q

part of an ECG where the atria are depolarizing

A

P wave

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20
Q

term for heart contraction

A

systole

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21
Q

cell type with special leak channels to auto depolarize

A

pacemaker cells

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22
Q

the phase of the cardiac cycle during ventricular systole when all valves are closed

A

isovolumetric contraction

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23
Q

heart sounds are caused by

A

closing of AV valves

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24
Q

the phase of the cardiac cycle when blood is going through the major vessels

A

ventricular ejection

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25
Q

part of an ECG where the ventricles are depolarizing

A

QRS complex

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26
Q

two circuits of the cardiovascular system

A

Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic Circuit

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27
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide

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28
Q

systemic circuit

A

sends oxygen and nutrient rich blood to body cells and removes waste

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29
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer fibrous bag that surrounds the heart

30
Q

visceral pericardium

A

between the fibrous pericardium and the heart

31
Q

parietal pericardium

A

base of the heart, visceral pericardium turns back on itself

32
Q

pericardial space

A

space between the parietal and visceral layers

33
Q

serous fluid

A

fluid between the spaces

34
Q

epicardium

A

*serous membrane
*protective covering
*contains capillaries and nerve fibers

35
Q

myocardium

A

*cardiac muscle
*contracts to pump blood
*arranged in whorls- when ventricular walls contract with a twisting motion, a “wringing” of blood out of ventricles into arteries

36
Q

myocytes

A

cardiac cells

37
Q

endocardium

A

*forms protective inner lining
*membrane of epithelial and connective tissue

38
Q

atria

A

receives blood returning to the heart

39
Q

right atrium

A

*receives blood from systemic veins
*inferiro vena cava
*superior vena cava

40
Q

left atrium

A

receives blood from pulmonary vein

41
Q

auricles

A

extend anteriorly from the atria and increase atrial volume

42
Q

ventricles

A

force blood out of the heart into arteries

43
Q

right ventricle

A

*receives blood from the right atrium
*sends blood to pulmonary circuit (pulmonary trunk)

44
Q

left ventricle

A

*receives blood from left atrium
*sends blood to systemic circuit (aorta)

45
Q

tricuspid valve

A

*right A-V valve
*between right atrium and right ventricle

46
Q

mitral (bicuspid) valve

A

*left A-V valve
*between left atrium an left ventricle

47
Q

chordate tendineae

A

strong fibrous string that anchor valves to floor of ventricles

48
Q

papillary muscles

A

muscles attached to the ventricle walls that hold chordate tendineae

49
Q

pulmonary valve

A

*S-L valve (semilunar valve)
*between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

50
Q

aortic valve

A

*S-L valve (semilunar valve)
*between left ventricle and aorta

51
Q

interventricular septum

A

dense connective tissue between the ventricles

52
Q

blood pathway

A

superior & inferior vena cava=> right atrium=> right ventricle=> pulmonary trunk=> lungs=> right and left pulmonary veins=> left atrium=> left ventricle=> aorta=> systemic circuit

53
Q

blood pathway to the heart

A

aorta=> coronary arteries=> cardiac veins=> coronary sinus=> right atrium

54
Q

systole

A

contraction of atria and ventricles

55
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of atria and ventricles

56
Q

atrial systole/ ventricular diastole

A

*70% of blood that enters ventricle dose so because of relaxed ventricle
*30% of blood pushed by atrial systole
*A-V valves open/ S-L valves close

57
Q

ventricular systole/ atrial diastole

A

*A-V valves close
*atrial relaxes
*blood flows into atria
*blood flows into pulm. trunk and aorta

58
Q

heart sounds

A

first sound “lubb”- ventricular contraction, AV valves closing
second sound “dupp”- ventricular relaxation, SL valves closing

59
Q

differences cardiac and skeletal muscles

A

*fibers branch freely
*intercalated discs-help spread depolarization
*gap junctions- allow passage of ions
*desmosomes- provide additional support

60
Q

two types of cardiac muscle cells

A

*myocardial contractile cells
*myocardial pacemaker/ conducting cells

61
Q

myocardial contractile cells

A

*99% of cardiac cells
*responsible for contractions that pump blood through the body

62
Q

myocardial pacemaker cells

A

*1% of cardiac cells
*smaller with fewer myofibrils/filaments
*does not need nervous system stimulation

63
Q

electrical contraction of the heart

A

*action potential initiated by pacemaker cell
*pacemaker potential: K+ channels closed, Na+ channels open, causing interior +
*depolarization: Ca2+ channels open, influx of Ca2+, rising phase of action potential
*repolarization: K+ channels open, efflux of K+, cell interior -

64
Q

cardiac conduction system

A

controls and synchronize cardiac muscle contraction

65
Q

functional syncytium

A

*group of muscle cells that function as a unit
*atrial syncytium
*ventricular syncytium

66
Q

sinoatrial node (S-A node)

A

*most excitable part of the system
*below epicardium in the right atrium
*continual with atrial syncytium
*sets pace of impulse conduction “pacemaker”
*impulse to R&L atria=> AV node

67
Q

atrioventricular note (A-V node)

A

*inferior portion of the interatrial septum
*provides normal conduction pathway between atrial and ventricular syncytium
*impulses are slow
*A-V node impulse pass to A-V bundle

68
Q

subendocardial conducting network (Purkinge fibers)

A

*impulse to distant regions of ventricular myocardium faster than cell to cell junction
*continuous with ventricular syncytium

69
Q

echocardiogram (ECG)

A

records electrical changes that occur in myocardium

70
Q

ECG waves

A

*P wave: atrial depolarization, atria=>SA node, end of p wave impulse transmission to AV node
*QRS wave: ventricular repolarization, impulse down bundle, thru purkinje, ventricular muscle, ventricular contraction
*T wave: ventricular repolarization, recovery of electrical charge in ventricles

71
Q

regulation of cardiac cycle

A

*Parasympathetic fibers: medulla oblongata => SA & AV nodes, secrete acetylcholine, decrease in nodal activity & HR
*Sympathetic fibers: spinal cord=> SA & AV nodes, secrete norephinepherine, increase in activity & HR
*Temperature: increase HR in high temp, decrease HR in low temp
*Ions: K+ affects electrical potential, Ca2+

Anatomy and Physiology II (14 decks)

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