Chapter 2: Tissues, Organs, and Functions

Question 1

The study of the functioning of living things, especially including above the level of individual biochemical pathways or, for multicellular organisms, including above the level of the functioning of individual cells.

Answer 1

Physiology

Question 2

The study of the morphology of living things, particularly the more macroscopic aspects of living things.

Answer 2

Anatomy

Question 3

Cell division and cellular differentiation that results in conversion of an organism from immature or juvenile form to mature form.

Answer 3

Development

Question 4

Multiple cells possessing the same origin, displaying similar functions, and often similarly located within an organism.

Answer 4

Tissue

Question 5

Two or typically three layers of tissue found in early animal embryos that are the product of early cellular differentiation and specialization, and which are formed in the course of a developmental process known as gastrulation.

Answer 5

Primary tissues

Question 6

Layers of cells that line surfaces, form glands, and serves as skin in animals.

Answer 6

Epithelial tissue

Question 7

Groups of cells in animals specialized for contraction.

Answer 7

Muscle tissue

Question 8

Groups of animal cells specialized in the conduction of information via impulses of membrane depolarization.

Answer 8

Nervous tissue

Question 9

Groups of cells and often associated fibers in animals that are notable especially in terms of their association with a specialized extracellular matrix.

Answer 9

Connective tissue

Question 10

Groups of similar types of animal cells that are both associated with excretion of collagen protein.

Answer 10

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 11

Groups of similar types of animal cells that are associated with excretion of large amounts of collagen protein.

Answer 11

Dense connective tissue

Question 12

Groups of similar types of animal cells that are associated with excretion of collagen protein and which are able to sustain fairly substantial amounts of reversible deformation.

Answer 12

Elastic connective tissue

Question 13

Groups of similar types of animal cells that are associated with excretion of collagen protein and which are associated especially with a substantial amount of flexibility.

Answer 13

Loose connective tissue

Question 14

Groups of similar types of animal cells that are associated with excretion of collagen protein and which provide an internal structural support to various soft organs.

Answer 14

Reticular connective tissue

Question 15

Combination especially of epithelia, fibroblasts, and associated fibers.

Answer 15

Tissue membrane

Question 16

The tissue that lines animal body cavities.

Answer 16

Serous membrane

Question 17

Groups of cell types employed by the body to store fat.

Answer 17

Adipose tissue

Question 18

Aspect of a body consisting of one or more cells that together are able to give rise to one or more specific processes.

Answer 18

Functional units

Question 19

Multi-tissue, discrete structure within an organism’s body that is responsible for specific processes.

Answer 19

Organ

Question 20

The largest of the discrete functional units making up bodies.

Answer 20

Organ system

Question 21

Contractile tissue associated with organs and mostly not under voluntary control.

Answer 21

Smooth muscle

Question 22

Volume within animals containing the central nervous system.

Answer 22

Dorsal cavity

Question 23

Volume within animals containing the numerous internal organs other than the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 23

Ventral cavity

Question 24

Volume within animals containing the heart and lungs.

Answer 24

Thoracic cavity

Question 25

Pleural cavity

Answer 25

Volume within animals containing the lungs.

Question 26

Pericardial cavity

Answer 26

Volume within animals containing the heart.

Question 27

Volume within animals containing the bulk of internal organs as well as the bulk of the digestive system.

Answer 27

Abdominal cavity

Question 28

Stem cells

Answer 28

Cells that supply the body with new cells by dividing and then differentiating into more specialized cells.