Medical Terminology - Chapter 12 Flashcards
0
Q
bacter/i
A
bacteria
1
Q
albumin/o
A
protein
2
Q
calc/i
A
calcium
3
Q
col/o
A
colon
4
Q
corpor/e
A
body
5
Q
cutan/e
A
skin
6
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder
7
Q
excret/o
A
sifted out
8
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus, little ball
9
Q
glycos/o
A
glucose, sugar
10
Q
hem/o
A
blood
11
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
12
Q
keton/o
A
ketone
13
Q
lith/o
A
stone
14
Q
meat/o
A
passage
15
Q
micturit/o
A
to urinate
16
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
17
Q
noct/o
A
night
18
Q
perine/o
A
perineum
19
Q
periton/e
A
peritoneum
20
Q
py/o
A
pus
21
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
22
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
23
Q
scler/o
A
hardening
24
son/o
sound
25
ur/o
urine, urinate, urination
26
ureter/o
ureter
27
urethr/o
urethra
28
urin/o
urine
29
function of kidneys
produce urine, regulate and control body fluids
30
function of ureters
transport urine from kidneys to the bladder
31
urinary bladder
reservoir for urine
32
urethra
passageway of urine to outside of body (in male conveys urine and semen)
33
trigon/o
trigone
34
cortic/o
cortex
35
medull/o
medulla
36
capillary network at nephron, found inside bowman's capsule
glomerulus
37
structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
38
diamond shaped region around urethra
perineum
39
agent that reabsorbs water into the body
anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
40
ADH
anti diuretic hormone
41
thin membrane structure that encloses internal organs
peritoneum
42
hormone produced by kidney that stimulate production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
43
3 steps of urine formation
filteration, reabsorption, secretion
44
proximal convoluted tubule
PCT
45
distal convoluted tubule
DCT
46
glomerulus + Bowman's capsule
renal corpuscle
47
-itis
inflammation
48
-uria
urination, condition of urine
49
-tomy
incision
50
-ectomy
surgical excision
51
-cele
hernia
52
-osis
condition
53
-ar
pertaining to
54
meat/o
passage (opening)
55
hormone produced by kidney, stimulates production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
56
3 steps of urine formation
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
57
area behind the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneal
58
3 capsules surrounding kidney
true capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia
59
smooth, fibrous connective tissue that loosely adheres to surface of kidney
true capsule
60
sheath of fibrous tissue that helps anchor kidney to surrounding structures
renal fascia
61
adipose capsule that embeds each kidney in fatty tissue
perirenal fat
62
renal artery & vein, nerves and lymphatic vessels enter and leave through the ______
hilum
63
a tuft of blood vessel
glomerulus
64
each nephron consists of a ________ & ________
renal corpuscle & tubule
65
functions of the nephron
regulates, controls and removes waste products of metabolism from blood plasma, plays vital role in maintenance of normal fluid balance in the body
66
narrow, muscular tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
67
3 layers of the walls of ureters
inner coat of mucous membrane, middle coat of smooth muscle, outer coat of fibrous tissue
68
small triangular area near base of the bladder between openings of the 2 ureters and opening of urethra
trigone
69
external urinary opening is the ______
urinary meatus
70
UTI
urinary tract infection
71
urine is formed by the process of ______ & ______ in the nephron
filtration & reabsorption
72
inability to retain urine voluntarily
urge incontinence
73
laboratory test that evaluates the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine
urinalysis (UA)
74
major protein in blood plasma
albumin
75
indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine
albuminuria
76
anti-
against
77
di(a)-
through
78
antidiuretic
pertaining to a medication that decreases urine production and secretion
79
literally means "without the formation of urine", lack of urine production
anuria
80
presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
81
presence of calcium in the urine
calciuria
82
pebble; any abnormal concretion
calculus (plural: calculi)
83
pain in the bladder, commonly called cystalgia
cystodynia
84
X-ray record of the bladder
cystogram
85
blood test to determine the amount of urea excreted by the kidneys (abnormal results indicate renal dysfunction)
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
86
urine test to determine the presence of microorganisms (to test for urinary tract infection)
culture, urine
87
visual examination of bladder and urethra via a lighted cystoscope (abnormal results indicate presence of renal calculi, tumor, prostatic hyperplasia or bleeding)
cystoscopy (cysto)
88
test to visualize the kidneys, ureters and bladder; a radiopaque substance is intravenously injected and X-rays are taken
intravenous pyelography (pyelogram) (IVP)
89
flat X-ray of the abdomen; taken in supine position, to indicate size, and position of kidneys, ureters and bladder
kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
90
use of high frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys
Ultrasonography, kidneys
91
surgical excision of a stone from the bladder
cystolithectomy
92
medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
cystoscope
93
medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function/absence of kidney
dialysis
94
dia-
complete, through
95
-lysis
destruction, to separate
96
two main types of dialysis (both remove excess water from the blood in different ways)
hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD).
97
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
98
condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting
enuresis
99
pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body
excretory
100
medical device used to crush kidney stones. pt. is immersed in water bath while shock waves pound stones
extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (ESWL)
101
extra-
outside, beyond
102
presence of glucose in the urine
glycosuria
103
presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine
hematuria
104
white blood cells found in addition to red (hematuria) indicates:
urinary tract infection
105
urine collects to renal pelvis because of obstructed outflow
hydronephrosis
106
in-
not
107
continence
to hold
108
inability to hold or control urination or defecation
incontinence
109
crushing of a kidney stone
lithotripsy
110
-tripsy
crushing
111
incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening
meatotomy
112
process of urination
micturition
113
surgical excision of kidney
nephrectomy
114
inflammation of kidney
nephritis
115
inflammation of bladder and kidney
nephrocystitis
116
kidney stone
nephrolith
117
basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
118
condition of hardening of the kidney
nephrosclerosis
119
urination during the night
nocturia
120
scanty, decreased amount of urine
oliguria
121
separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis
peritoneal dialysis (PD)
122
literally means excessive secretion and discharge of urine; frequent urination; occurs in diabetes mellitus, chronic nephritis and nephrosclerosis
polyuria
123
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, usually caused by bacteria entering kidneys from the bladder
pyelonephritis
124
pus in the urine
pyuria
125
pathological failure of the kidney to function
renal failure
126
ureter enters the kidney through the hilum into a saclike collecting portion called the
renal pelvis
127
two types of renal failure
acute (ARF) and chronic
128
enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone
renin
129
strict
to tighten, contraction
130
abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra
stricture
131
inflammation of the trigone of the bladder, more common in woman, cause is unknown
trigonitis
132
exces of urea, creatine and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood (also referred to as azotemia)
uremia
133
-emia
blood condition
134
sudden need to void, urinate
urgency
135
analysis of urine, separating of the urine for examination to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis (UA)
136
ARF
acute renal failure
137
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
138
CRF
chronic renal failure
139
cysto
cystoscopy
140
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
141
GU
genitourinary
142
HD
hemodialysis
143
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
144
K
potassium
145
KUB
kidney, ureter, bladder
146
LOC
level of consciousness
147
NH3
ammonia
148
PD
peritoneal dialysis
149
UA
urinalysis
150
UTI
urinary tract infection
151
composed of arteries, veins, convoluted tubules and glomerular capsules:
cortex
152
composed of renal pyramids (conelike masses with papillae projecting into calyces of the pelvis)
medulla
