15 Flashcards
management cryptorchidism
orchiopexy
presentation of opiate (heroin) use in pregnancy
immediate withdrawal when baby is born
baby have reduced resp rate/ be drowsy
describe dichorionic/ diamniotic monozygotic twins
one ova fertilised
cleavage in first 3 days of fertilisation meaning both twins have their own amniotic sac and chorion
define enterocele
prolapse of upper posterior vaginal wall down vaginal canal, taking small intestinal loops with it
vulvodynia
chronic pain syndrome affecting vulvar area
causes of gynaecomastia
- eating products naturally high in oestrogen e.g. soya
- hyperthyroidism
- liver cirrhosis
- chronic renal failure
- chronic pulmonary disease
- hypogonadism
- steroid use
how is cystic fibrosis diagnosed
- immunoreactive trypsin
- sweat test
- genotyping
definition of spontaneous miscarriage
loss of pregnancy <24 weeks gestation
when is treatment needed for HPV infection
when symptomatic
- genital warts
- changes to cells in cervix
risk factors for having large baby
- parity
- maternal diabetes
- polyhydramnios
- ethnicity
- genetic
- social class
placenta praevia investigation
USS
do not do vaginal examination
high risk variations of HPV
16 and 18
complications of tertiary syphilis
- meningitis
- stroke
- dementia
- vision problems
- heart problems
non-obstructive causes of azoospermia
- CF
- Y chromosome deletion
- karyotype abnormality
- radiation and toxins
- hormone imbalances
- varicocele
describe a puberty induction
- gradual build up with oestrogen
- increase breast development
- add progesterone once max height and weight achieved
define uterine fibroids/ myopia/ leiomyoma
non cancerous growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue
causes of foetal alcohol syndrome
regular binge drinking around conception and in early pregnancy is particularly harmful
post menopausal bleeding investigations
- cervical screening
- biopsy/ histology
- USS
define regular menstruation
<20 days variation in 12 months
management congenital hypothyroidism
thyroxine
ensure started before 21 days old
management of septic miscarriage
- IV antibiotics
- evacuate uterus
Two research universities in Australia have dispatched underwater robots that have been able to deliver baby coral to the Great Barrier Reef
yayayyaayyyayyyayy
