15

Question 1

management cryptorchidism

Answer 1

orchiopexy

Question 2

presentation of opiate (heroin) use in pregnancy

Answer 2

immediate withdrawal when baby is born

baby have reduced resp rate/ be drowsy

Question 3

describe dichorionic/ diamniotic monozygotic twins

Answer 3

one ova fertilised

cleavage in first 3 days of fertilisation meaning both twins have their own amniotic sac and chorion

Question 4

define enterocele

Answer 4

prolapse of upper posterior vaginal wall down vaginal canal, taking small intestinal loops with it

Question 5

vulvodynia

Answer 5

chronic pain syndrome affecting vulvar area

Question 6

causes of gynaecomastia

Answer 6

• eating products naturally high in oestrogen e.g. soya
• hyperthyroidism
• liver cirrhosis
• chronic renal failure
• chronic pulmonary disease
• hypogonadism
• steroid use

Question 7

how is cystic fibrosis diagnosed

Answer 7

• immunoreactive trypsin
• sweat test
• genotyping

Question 8

definition of spontaneous miscarriage

Answer 8

loss of pregnancy <24 weeks gestation

Question 9

when is treatment needed for HPV infection

Answer 9

when symptomatic

• genital warts
• changes to cells in cervix

Question 10

risk factors for having large baby

Answer 10

• parity
• maternal diabetes
• polyhydramnios
• ethnicity
• genetic
• social class

Question 11

placenta praevia investigation

Answer 11

USS

do not do vaginal examination

Question 12

high risk variations of HPV

Answer 12

16 and 18

Question 13

complications of tertiary syphilis

Answer 13

• meningitis
• stroke
• dementia
• vision problems
• heart problems

Question 14

non-obstructive causes of azoospermia

Answer 14

• CF
• Y chromosome deletion
• karyotype abnormality
• radiation and toxins
• hormone imbalances
• varicocele

Question 15

describe a puberty induction

Answer 15

• gradual build up with oestrogen
• increase breast development
• add progesterone once max height and weight achieved

Question 16

define uterine fibroids/ myopia/ leiomyoma

Answer 16

non cancerous growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue

Question 17

causes of foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 17

regular binge drinking around conception and in early pregnancy is particularly harmful

Question 18

post menopausal bleeding investigations

Answer 18

• cervical screening
• biopsy/ histology
• USS

Question 19

define regular menstruation

Answer 19

<20 days variation in 12 months

Question 20

management congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 20

thyroxine

ensure started before 21 days old

Question 21

management of septic miscarriage

Answer 21

• IV antibiotics

- evacuate uterus

Question 22

Two research universities in Australia have dispatched underwater robots that have been able to deliver baby coral to the Great Barrier Reef

Answer 22

yayayyaayyyayyyayy