13

Question 1

congenital heart diseases associated with congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 1

patent ductus arteriosus

pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 2

shoulder dystocia management

Answer 2

• discourage pushing
• call for help
• MacRoberts manoeuvre
• suprapubic pressure
• cleidotomy
• symphysiotomy

Question 3

pregnancy hormones with anti-insulin action

Answer 3

• cortisol
• human chorionic gonadotrophin
• prednisone
• human placental lactogen

Question 4

describe key physiological changes required for foetal expulsion

Answer 4

• softening of cervix
• myocetrial tone changes to enable coordinated contractions
• progesterone decreases
• oxytocin + prostaglandins increase

Question 5

medical management of endometriosis

Answer 5

• COC
• POP
• mirena
• dept provera
• GnRH analogues

Question 6

erythrasma

Answer 6

superficial skin infection causing brown, scaly skin patches

Question 7

management of lichen sclerosis

Answer 7

prescription steroid cream

Question 8

describe cephlopelvic disproportion

Answer 8

foetal head in correct position for labour but too large to negotiate maternal pelvis

Question 9

what is assessed to determine progress of labour

Answer 9

• cervical effacement
• cervical dilation
• foetal head engagement

Question 10

clinical types of placental abruption

Answer 10

• revealed
• concealed
• mixed

Question 11

management of pre-term labour

Answer 11

• monitoring
• steroids
• transfer to unit with NICU
• aim for vaginal delivery

Question 12

describe the use of combined hormonal contraception in ring form

Answer 12

• lasts for 3 weeks

- can be removed for 3/24

Question 13

when can levongestrel pill be taken as emergency contraception

Answer 13

<72 hours

Question 14

vaginal symptoms pelvic organ prolapse

Answer 14

• difficulty/ pain having intercourse
• palpable mass
• feeling of pressure
• heaviness
• difficulty inserting tampon

Question 15

management of infertility

Answer 15

• weight loss/ gain
• investigations
• comifene
• gonadotrophin
• IVF

Question 16

presentation of fat necrosis on mammography

Answer 16

histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm

lipid filled cysts

fibrosis, calcifications, eggshell

Question 17

describe complete miscarriage

Answer 17

• closed cervix
• bleeding stopped
• all productions of conception expelled

Question 18

medical management of endometriosis

Answer 18

• COC
• POP
• mirena coil
• dept provera
• GnRH analogues

Question 19

define severe chronic hypotension

Answer 19

> 110/ >160

Question 20

active management third stage of labour

Answer 20

oxytocin

surgery

Question 21

a 100 year old tortoise named Diego single handily saved his species by fathering over 800 offspring

Answer 21

oooooooooft

Question 22

main causes of primary post partum haemorrhage

Answer 22

4Ts

• tone
• thrombin
• trauma
• tissue