11 Flashcards

1
Q

describe stage II ovarian cancer

A

one/ both ovaries with pelvic extension

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2
Q

medical management urge incontinence

A

antimuscarinics

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3
Q

menorrhagia

A

abnormal heavy bleeding in menstruation

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4
Q

define mild chronic hypertension

A

90-99/140-149

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5
Q

syphillis investigations

A
  • bloods

- charcoal swab

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6
Q

ideal baby positioning in labour

A

occipito anterior

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7
Q

define frequent menstrual cycle

A

< 24 days

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8
Q

what type of drug is tranexamic acid

A

antifibrinolytic

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9
Q

describe duct ectasia

A

clogged and inflamed milk ducts

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10
Q

urinary irritation symptoms

A
increased frequency
increased urgency 
nocturia 
dysuria
haematuria
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11
Q

natural symptoms management of menopause

A
  • lubrication during intercourse
  • products naturally high in estrogen e.g. soya
  • exercise
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12
Q

Squirrels plant thousands of new trees each year simply by forgetting where they put their acorns.

A

dawww

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13
Q

endometriosis investigations

A
  • USS
  • vaginal USS
  • pelvic examination
  • diagnostic laparoscopy
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14
Q

management of multiple pregnancy

A
  • adequate nutrition
  • prevent anaemia
  • more antenatal visits
  • multifetal reduction?
  • steroids for lung maturation
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15
Q

complications of a multiple pregnancy

A
  • increased morbidity and mortality
  • pre-term labour
  • N+V
  • increased risk of post party haemorrhage
  • increased risk pre-eclamptic toxaemia
  • increased risk of polyhydramnios
  • increased risk of congenital abnormalities
  • increased risk of malpresentation
  • increased risk of operative deliveries
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16
Q

causes of secondary amenorrhoea

A
  • PCOS
  • early menopause
  • reduced BMI
  • increased stress
  • pregnancy
  • contraception
  • raised prolactin
  • androgen secreting tumour
  • any significant illness
17
Q

criteria for heavy menstrual bleeding

A
  • changing products every 1/2 hours
  • impacting QOL
  • > 80ml/7days
  • clots >2.5cm
  • bleeding through clothes
18
Q

herpes investigations

A

swab - only if they have sores

19
Q

methods for determining foetal well being in labour

A
  • intermittent auscultation of foetal heart
  • cardiotocography
  • foetal blood sampling
  • foetal ECG
20
Q

describe key physiological changes required for foetal expulsion

A
  • cervix softens and opens
  • myometrial tone changes to enable coordinated contractions
  • progesterone decreases
  • oxytocin + prostaglandin increase
21
Q

presentation of fat necrosis on mammography

A

histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm

lipid filled cysts

fibrosis, calcifications, eggshell

22
Q

urinary incontinence symptoms

A
  • involuntary leakage of urine
  • stress UI
  • urgency UI
  • coital UI