1.4c How successful was the Soviet government's attempts to improve the provision of education? Flashcards
Who was the first man in control of education under the Bolsheviks?
Lunachevsky
What was the aim of Lunachevsky in 1917?
To provide free, compulsory education for everyone
Why did Lunachevsky fail in trying to provide free education for all?
Lack of funding and resources
Under Lunachevsky, there was 1 pencil for every __ children
1 pencil for every 60 children
How big were class sizes under Lunachevsky?
40+
Why did rural areas benefit in terms of education under Lunachevsky in the mid-1920s?
Deportation of teachers in the Great Purge
Number of children in education:
- 1929 - __ million
- 1931 - __ million
Number of children in education:
- 1929 - 14 million
- 1931 - 20 million
During the 1930s, what type of people did education get extended to?
Children of ‘Alien Social Elements’ (e.g. bourgeoisie)
In 1934, how many years of primary and secondary education was there?
Primary - 4 years
Secondary - 3 years
In 1927, what was the average child’s school attendance in years?
2.77
What were the 3 options at the end of secondary education in 1934?
- 2/3 more years of education
- Vocational programme
- Work
In the 1980s, what was the education place difference between boys and girls
About the same but female attendance declined later on
In the 1980s, what happened to most schools?
They specialised
How was the inequality between ethnicities an obstacle to expansion of education?
Religious traditions were ingrained and hard to change so a lot of Muslim girls weren’t allowed to go to school
How was the attitudes towards education an obstacle to expansion of education?
Many rural communities felt education was a waste of time because they didn’t need the skills
What were Rabfak?
Schools set up after the Russian revolution to teach basic literacy and numeracy skills to adults
Who set up Rabfaks?
Khrushchev
By 1964, how many people used Rabfaks?
2 million
How did the government deal with uneducated adults other than Rabfaks?
Diplomas and Degrees
What quota was introduced in 1929 to widen participation in higher education?
70% of university places were reserved for for those of working-class origin
How successful was the quota where 70% of university places were reserved for for those of working-class origin?
It was only reached once and there was a 70% dropout rate
In what year was the quota for 70% of university places being reserved for for those of working-class origin abolished?
1935
In 1964, how many people were studying higher education part time?
half a million
What did Khrushchev introduce that was dropped the very same year?
All graduates had to spend 2 years working in a position directed by the government ‘to meet the nation’s needs’
