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EDEXCEL Russian History > 1.1b How did Stalin exercise control over the Communist party and the Soviet state? > Flashcards

1.1b How did Stalin exercise control over the Communist party and the Soviet state? Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Stalin do to Trotsky to damage his reputation?

A

Tricked him into not going to Lenin’s funeral

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2
Q

How did Stalin get congress on his side?

A

Packed Congress

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3
Q

How did Stalin outsmart Zinoviev and Kamenev to remove them as opposition?

A

They tore each other apart in ‘lessons of October’

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4
Q

What was Stalin’s very popular policy before he got into power?

A

‘Socialism in one country’

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5
Q

What did Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev do that got them removed from the running?

A

United to form ‘united opposition’, allowing them to be accused of factionalism

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6
Q

What policy did the leftists want to continue?

A

the NEP

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7
Q

What were the leftist objective?

A

Waiting for the whole of Europe to fall to Communism after WW1 (permanent revolution)

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8
Q

What was the Chistka?

A

Political purging

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9
Q

What did the party secretariat do?

A

collected information on party members that could be to condemn them

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10
Q

Under the Cheka, what percentage of the party were purged?

A

22%

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11
Q

In what year did the Cheka become the NKVD?

A

1934

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12
Q

What change happened when the Cheka become the NKVD?

A

Became more beuraucratic

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13
Q

Why was there a purge in 1932?

A

To deal with problems from the 1st FYP

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14
Q

What did Ryutin do as opposition to Stalin?

A

Issued a critical document on Stalin, accusing him of having a personal dictatorship

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15
Q

Why were party officials critical of Stalin?

A

Due to unrealistic targets

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16
Q

What did the peasant brutality cause?

A

Added peasant resistance

17
Q

Who received a standing ovation in criticism of Stalin?

A

Kirov

18
Q

What happened to Kirov after his criticism of Stalin?

A

He was assassinated by Nikoloyev who’d been government trained to shoot

19
Q

When was the trial of the 16?

A

1936

20
Q

What was the trial of the 16?

A

Zinoviev and Kamenev were accused of working as agents of Trotsky and the murder of Kirov

21
Q

What was the trial of the 21?

A

Bukharin and Rykov were accused of forming a ‘Trotskyite rightist bloc’ after writing criticism of the FYPs

22
Q

In what year did Stalin become ‘general secretary’?

A

1922

23
Q

How did Stalin gain the role of ‘general secretary’?

A

Nobody else wanted it because it was low down and boring but he worked his way up

24
Q

How did ‘general secretary’ benefit Stalin in his rise to power?

A

Gave him access to 26,000 personal files

25
Q

What was the Lenin enrollment and what was its significance?

A

An attempt to increase industrial workers in the party rank which Stalin supervised as ‘general secretary’

26
Q

How did Stalin use Kirov’s murder to his advantage?

A

Accused Zinoviev and Kamenev on jumped up charges to remove them as opposition

27
Q

What tactic did Stalin use to intimidate people in meetings?

A

Walked around the room whilst they were talking

28
Q

Who did Stalin catch out by using his tactic of walking around the room whilst they were talking?

A

Rychagov - commander of the airforce who criticised te quality of Soviet aircraft

29
Q

Why was Stalin’s new constitution introduced?

A

To seem democratic and gain allies in the fight against Nazi Germany

30
Q

How did Stalin describe his new constitution?

A

“the only thoroughly democratic system in the world”

31
Q

What was the reality of the new constitution?

A

Only candidates from the Communist party could run in elections

32
Q

What was ‘high Stalinism’?

A

The tightening of regulations after a slight relaxation for WW2

33
Q

Give 2 features of ‘high Stalinism’

A
  1. Terror increased to regain control

2. Older generations of the government replaced by youth (specifically Beria)

34
Q

What was Stalin planning just before his death?

A

A purge of the Jews called the ‘Doctor’s Plot’

35
Q

What did ‘high Stalinism’ do to the Politburo?

A

Enlarged it and renamed it the Presidium

EDEXCEL Russian History (16 decks)

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