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EDEXCEL Russian History > 1.3a How did the Soviet government exercise control over the media, propaganda and religion? > Flashcards

1.3a How did the Soviet government exercise control over the media, propaganda and religion? Flashcards

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1
Q

Define cult of personality

A

The adoration of an individual through media

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2
Q

Why was Stalin being presented as being close with Lenin part of his cult of personality?

A

Lenin hated Stalin

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3
Q

What quote associates Lenin and Stalin?

A

‘Stalin is the Lenin of today’

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4
Q

What major city was renamed Stalingrad as part of his cult of personality?

A

4) Tsaritsyn

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5
Q

How was Stalin presented in the media?

A

Tall and in military uniform or down to earth normal clothes

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6
Q

How tall actually was Stalin?

A

5’6”

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7
Q

What was Stalin’s media nickname?

A

Gardener of Human Happiness

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8
Q

Why was Stalin often pictured with children?

A

To be seen as a father figure

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9
Q

What was the issue with Stalin’s media image not being reality?

A

People often didn’t recognise him

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10
Q

Give 3 ways in which the cult of personality was a success (general)

A

Provided a figurehead for Socialism / focused loyalty and unity / filled a gap left by the restriction on religion

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11
Q

What was listed as one of the reasons for Khrushchev’s dismissal in 1964?

A

His cult of personality

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12
Q

How was Khrushchev hypocritical in his de-Stalinisation?

A

He condemned his cult of personality

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13
Q

What personality trait did Khrushchev have that made a COP fitting?

A

Egotism

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14
Q

What position did he appoint his son-in-law to?

A

Editor of Isvestiya

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15
Q

How many medals was Brezhnev awarded?

A

Over 100

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16
Q

Why was Brezhnev’s cult of personality so vital to him?

A

Sought to emerge as victorious through a power struggle between Kosygin and Podgorny / unable to lead for the final 6 months of his tenure through illness

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17
Q

Define Glavlit

A

Censorship office needed for every publication

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18
Q

Define Pravda (Truth)

A

Daily soviet paper full of propaganda (Truth)

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19
Q

Define Izvestiya

A

(news)

20
Q

Define Partiinost

A

The guiding principle of the soviet press (being cheap to keep high readership)

21
Q

Define Trud (Labour)

A

Paper of government run trade unions

22
Q

How many readers did Pravda have?

A

10.7 million

23
Q

How many Trud were printed?

A

13.5 million

24
Q

What happened in the 1957 Kyshtum disaster?

A

disaster where a nuclear waste storage tank exploded

25
Q

Why was the Kyshtum disaster significant?

A

It was covered up by the media

26
Q

How many fatalities were there & how many were exposed to radiation in the Kyshtum disaster?

A

Fatalities: 200
Radiation: 270,000

27
Q

Why was radio so significant?

A

65% of the population were illiterate

28
Q

What did radio Maika play?

A

Foreign music popular with youth

29
Q

How did the government try to stop foreign music?

A

Producing radios with poor range

30
Q

What significant thing was broadcast live on radio?

A

Stalin’s speech from the Red Square

31
Q

How far from the Red Square were the Germans when Stalin’s speech was broadcast?

A

50 miles

32
Q

What did the Bolsheviks install in streets to get their message across?

A

Public loudspeakers

33
Q

How were capitalism and communism portrayed on USSR TV?

A

Capitalism – rife with crime

Communism – joyous

34
Q

Mass production allowed most houses to have a TV by what decade?

A

1980s

35
Q

What 3 things were banned from magazines?

A

Sex, crime and religion

36
Q

Name the very popular sports magazine in the USSR

A

Sovettskii

37
Q

Why was it more difficult to influence Islamic views in society?

A

Their beliefs were more ingrained

38
Q

What Islamic thing was removed under collectivisation?

A

Mullahs

39
Q

What happened to the leader of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1918?

A

He was put under house arrest

40
Q

In the mid-1920s, a survey revealed that __% of people were still Christian

A

55%

41
Q

Why did Lenin purge so many priests?

A

He had a personal hatred for them

42
Q

What Marx quote condemns religion?

A

“religion is the opium of the masses”

43
Q

How many churches did Khrushchev close down?

A

10,000

44
Q

What did Brezhnev do to a Priest who set up the Christian Committee for the defence of Believer’s rights in order to draw international attention to human rights breaches?

A

Sentenced to 5 years in prison

45
Q

Why did religion grow under Brezhnev?

A

Because he allowed unregulated groups to meet

46
Q

Why did Brezhnev allow religion to grow?

A

He was aware that religious persecution didn’t go down well in the West

EDEXCEL Russian History (16 decks)

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