1.2b What was the impact of the Five Year Plans and Collectivisation? Flashcards
What was Gosplan?
State planning authority who set targets for industry
What was the main focus of the 1st FYP?
Rapid growth of industry
What did the population of Magnitigorsk grow from and to?
From 250 to 250,000
What was neglected during the 1st FYP?
Consumer goods
In 1933 __% of the workforce were skilled
17
What is a shock brigade?
A group of skilled and unskilled workers
How many people died building the White Sea Canal, through slave labour?
10,000
Why was the White Sea Canal useless anyway?
It was too shallow and was built just to fill a quota
What did the need to meet quotas induce under the 1st FYP?
Corruption
What was the initial focus of the 2nd and 3rd FYPs?
Consumer goods
What did the focus of the 2nd and 3rd FYPs shift to?
Protection from foreign invasion from the Nazis
What major thing was built during the 2nd and 3rd FYPs?
Dnieper Dam
Where were the factories built and why?
In the East to keep them away from the German side
Under the 2nd and 3rd FYPs, there was a __ increase in steel and a __ increase in coal
Steel: 4x
Coal: 6x
By what percentage did the economic growth rate increase from the 2nd and 3rd FYPs?
17%
What was the overall result of the 2nd and 3rd FYPs?
Chaotic with many resources being wasted
What did agricultural collectivisation entail?
merging small farms into larger collectives
Why was agricultural collectivisation introduced?
An attempt to industrialise by focusing on agriculture to feed the workers
Give 3 main features of agricultural collectivisation
grain requisitioning
Got rid of the mir
Dekulakisation (attempt to liquidate the Kulaks as a class)
How many cattle were slaughtered in the kulak grain strike?
26 million
In 1932, __% of farms collectivised, in 1937, it was __%
1932 - 62%
1937 - 92%
Why did efficiency and yield fall under collectivisation?
Many experienced farmhands were purged
What did the USSR still have to rely on embarrassingly?
US imports
Potato rations fell by __%
80%
How many deaths were caused by the famine in Ukraine?
5 million
Collectives were more/less efficient than NEP farms: Collectives ___kg per hectare
Private farms ___kg per hectare
Collectives 320kg per hectare
Private farms 410kg per hectare
Why was Dekulakisation used?
Because they had a grain strike where they burned their grain and slaughtered their cattle
Which country suffered the most losses from WW2?
Russia
How many Russians died in WW2?
26 million
How many Soviets were left homeless after WW2?
25 million
What did the production of Soviet planes rise to during WW2? (industrial success)
94,000
What were factories converted into during WW2? (industrial success)
Factories for the production of war munitions like a bicycle factory was turned into a flamethrower factory
During WW2, steel production fell by __ tonnes
6 million
During WW2, oil fell by /
2/5
During WW2, grain output fell from ___ to ___
From 90m to 30m
Why was agricultural output so low after WW2?
The men were conscripted to fight in the war
What was the focus of the 4th FYP?
Rebuilding large industrial plants
Was the 4th FYP a success?
A great success in restoring the economy to a pre-war level
How did Russia exploit their influence in Eastern Europe?
Took arms out of East Germany
How many people did they use in slave labour?
2 million
What other labour methods were used in the 4th FYP?
Training programs
What was the focus of the 5th FYP?
Further rebuilding from WW2
What was the main feature of the 5th FYP?
Stalin’s prestigious projects
Name Stalin’s 3 projects
Dnieper Dam
White Sea Canal
Volga Don Canal
What was the accolade of the Dnieper dam?
The biggest Dam in Europe
How many died building the White Sea Canal?
10,000
