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EDEXCEL Russian History > 1.1a How did the Bolsheviks establish a one party state between 1917-1924? > Flashcards

1.1a How did the Bolsheviks establish a one party state between 1917-1924? Flashcards

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1
Q

What did nationalist groups from countries such as Kazakhstan want for Russia?

A

Independence from Russia

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2
Q

Who were right wing groups that opposed the Bolsheviks?

A

Tsarist supporters who represented the middle class

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3
Q

Why did Social Revolutionaries oppose the Bolsheviks?

A

They denied them a share of power

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4
Q

Why did other left groups oppose the Bolsheviks?

A

They had refused to give them any power

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5
Q

Define constituent assembly

A

‘parliament elected by the people’

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6
Q

Why did Lenin dissolve the Constituent assembly?

A

Because the Social Revolutionaries gained many more votes than the Bolsheviks

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7
Q

How did Lenin excuse dissolving the constituent assembly?

A

Labelled it a tool of the Bourgeoisie

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8
Q

Who did Lenin take the vote away from?

A

The Bourgeoisie class

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9
Q

How did Lenin remove all power from the Social Revolutionaries?

A

They walked out in protest and he didn’t allow them back in

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10
Q

How else did Lenin stop SRs spreading their message?

A

Put restrictions on them publishing newspapers

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11
Q

During the first 3 months, how many SRs were arrested?

A

5000

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12
Q

What had been done by 1921 to stop all opposition to the Bolsheviks?

A

Banned all other political parties

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13
Q

When was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

1918

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14
Q

What was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Took Russia out of WW1

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15
Q

Who wanted the Russians to sign the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Germans

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16
Q

Give 3 reasons the Bolsheviks opposed war

A

Capitalist Motives
High Costs
Destructive economic impact

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17
Q

How much land did the Bolsheviks lose from the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

1 million square miles

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18
Q

What proportion of their population did they lose from the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?

A

1/3

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19
Q

Which 5 countries did they lose control of as a result of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?

A 
Lithuania 
Estonia 
Latvia 
Finland 
Ukraine
20
Q

How was the national humiliation of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk best shown by military officers?

A

When military officers tried to overthrow the Bolsheviks

21
Q

Who were ‘the whites’?

A

A group of different groups who opposed the Bolsheviks and the treaty of Brest-Litovsk

22
Q

Who did ‘the whites’ receive aid from & why?

A

The allies because they didn’t want them to pull out of the war

23
Q

Why were ‘the whites’ largely ineffective?

A

Disorganisation due to consisting of many different groups

24
Q

Why was the allies help for ‘the whites’ futile?

A

It was wasted through corruption

25
Q

By 1920, what had ‘the whites’ lost completely?

A

All of their strongholds

26
Q

How were the Bolsheviks organised in dealing with ‘the whites’?

A

They nationalised industry

27
Q

How many men did Trotsky conscript?

A

5 million

28
Q

Give the 2 main results of the civil war

A

Set the tone with the use of terror

the state became highly centralised

29
Q

Why did the 10th party congress happen?

A

Because the civil was over and they had to deal with party divisions

30
Q

What key policy was agreed at 10th party congress? (give definition also)

A

‘on party unity’ – a ban on factionalism

31
Q

What made the Bolsheviks nervous during 10th party congress?

A

Because of the Kronsdadt Mutiny and the Tambov Rising

32
Q

Due to 10th party congress, Bolshevik membership grew from ___ to ____?

A

300,000 to 730,000

33
Q

Define democratic centralism

A

People having a say in government but it being centralised

34
Q

Did democratic centralism happen in reality?

A

No

35
Q

What did the 1924 Soviet constitution do?

A

Made the USSR a federal state

36
Q

What was the nomenklatura system?

A

A list of approved employees for certain jobs due to loyalty to the party

37
Q

By 1924, how many members did the nomenklatura system have?

A

1 million

38
Q

What years were the red terror?

A

1921-22

39
Q

By 1923, how many executions had the Cheka carried out?

A

200,000

40
Q

Under Lenin, what fraction of the party were purged?

A

1/3

41
Q

How was Lenin’s person power shown during debate?

A

During debate, he could threaten to resign to get his way

42
Q

What position did Lenin hold?

A

Chair of the Sovnarkom

43
Q

Give 3 limits to the centralisation of power

A

Russia was so big that not everyone could be supervised / local mafia and black marketers defied Lenin / the NEP led to factions

44
Q

During the 1917 October Revolution, how many members did the Bolsheviks have?

A

Just 300,000

45
Q

What was the Kronstadt Mutiny and why was it so significant?

A

An uprising of sailors against the Bolsheviks in protest to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk who previously supported the Bolsheviks

46
Q

What was the Tambov Uprising?

A

Peasants attacking grain requisitions, requiring 50,000 Red Army soldiers to deal with them

EDEXCEL Russian History (16 decks)

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