1.1a How did the Bolsheviks establish a one party state between 1917-1924?

Question 1

What did nationalist groups from countries such as Kazakhstan want for Russia?

Answer 1

Independence from Russia

Question 2

Who were right wing groups that opposed the Bolsheviks?

Answer 2

Tsarist supporters who represented the middle class

Question 3

Why did Social Revolutionaries oppose the Bolsheviks?

Answer 3

They denied them a share of power

Question 4

Why did other left groups oppose the Bolsheviks?

Answer 4

They had refused to give them any power

Question 5

Define constituent assembly

Answer 5

‘parliament elected by the people’

Question 6

Why did Lenin dissolve the Constituent assembly?

Answer 6

Because the Social Revolutionaries gained many more votes than the Bolsheviks

Question 7

How did Lenin excuse dissolving the constituent assembly?

Answer 7

Labelled it a tool of the Bourgeoisie

Question 8

Who did Lenin take the vote away from?

Answer 8

The Bourgeoisie class

Question 9

How did Lenin remove all power from the Social Revolutionaries?

Answer 9

They walked out in protest and he didn’t allow them back in

Question 10

How else did Lenin stop SRs spreading their message?

Answer 10

Put restrictions on them publishing newspapers

Question 11

During the first 3 months, how many SRs were arrested?

Answer 11

5000

Question 12

What had been done by 1921 to stop all opposition to the Bolsheviks?

Answer 12

Banned all other political parties

Question 13

When was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Answer 13

1918

Question 14

What was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Answer 14

Took Russia out of WW1

Question 15

Who wanted the Russians to sign the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Answer 15

Germans

Question 16

Give 3 reasons the Bolsheviks opposed war

Answer 16

Capitalist Motives
High Costs
Destructive economic impact

Question 17

How much land did the Bolsheviks lose from the treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Answer 17

1 million square miles

Question 18

What proportion of their population did they lose from the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?

Answer 18

1/3

Question 19

Which 5 countries did they lose control of as a result of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?

Answer 19

Lithuania 
Estonia 
Latvia 
Finland 
Ukraine

Question 20

How was the national humiliation of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk best shown by military officers?

Answer 20

When military officers tried to overthrow the Bolsheviks

Question 21

Who were ‘the whites’?

Answer 21

A group of different groups who opposed the Bolsheviks and the treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question 22

Who did ‘the whites’ receive aid from & why?

Answer 22

The allies because they didn’t want them to pull out of the war

Question 23

Why were ‘the whites’ largely ineffective?

Answer 23

Disorganisation due to consisting of many different groups

Question 24

Why was the allies help for ‘the whites’ futile?

Answer 24

It was wasted through corruption

Question 25

By 1920, what had ‘the whites’ lost completely?

Answer 25

All of their strongholds

Question 26

How were the Bolsheviks organised in dealing with ‘the whites’?

Answer 26

They nationalised industry

Question 27

How many men did Trotsky conscript?

Answer 27

5 million

Question 28

Give the 2 main results of the civil war

Answer 28

Set the tone with the use of terror | the state became highly centralised

Question 29

Why did the 10th party congress happen?

Answer 29

Because the civil was over and they had to deal with party divisions

Question 30

What key policy was agreed at 10th party congress? (give definition also)

Answer 30

‘on party unity’ – a ban on factionalism

Question 31

What made the Bolsheviks nervous during 10th party congress?

Answer 31

Because of the Kronsdadt Mutiny and the Tambov Rising

Question 32

Due to 10th party congress, Bolshevik membership grew from ___ to ____?

Answer 32

300,000 to 730,000

Question 33

Define democratic centralism

Answer 33

People having a say in government but it being centralised

Question 34

Did democratic centralism happen in reality?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What did the 1924 Soviet constitution do?

Answer 35

Made the USSR a federal state

Question 36

What was the nomenklatura system?

Answer 36

A list of approved employees for certain jobs due to loyalty to the party

Question 37

By 1924, how many members did the nomenklatura system have?

Answer 37

1 million

Question 38

What years were the red terror?

Answer 38

1921-22

Question 39

By 1923, how many executions had the Cheka carried out?

Answer 39

200,000

Question 40

Under Lenin, what fraction of the party were purged?

Answer 40

1/3

Question 41

How was Lenin’s person power shown during debate?

Answer 41

During debate, he could threaten to resign to get his way

Question 42

What position did Lenin hold?

Answer 42

Chair of the Sovnarkom

Question 43

Give 3 limits to the centralisation of power

Answer 43

Russia was so big that not everyone could be supervised / local mafia and black marketers defied Lenin / the NEP led to factions

Question 44

During the 1917 October Revolution, how many members did the Bolsheviks have?

Answer 44

Just 300,000

Question 45

What was the Kronstadt Mutiny and why was it so significant?

Answer 45

An uprising of sailors against the Bolsheviks in protest to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk who previously supported the Bolsheviks

Question 46

What was the Tambov Uprising?

Answer 46

Peasants attacking grain requisitions, requiring 50,000 Red Army soldiers to deal with them