1.2c How far did economic policy change between 1953 and 1985? Flashcards
Name 3 features of post war agriculture
Link system
allowed peasants to sell surplus crops
gender imbalance
What did Khrushchev’s reforms entail?
The promotion of light industry and consumer goods
Define Sovnarkhozy
105 regional economic councils created to supervise industry
Name 3 features of Khrushchev’s reforms
Managers given more influence
working hours reduced
housing shortage and lack of consumer goods
What was the Liberman plan?
Called for automation to change the market to a supply/demand model instead of being state run
Factory managers kept __% of profits
40%
What did the Virgin land scheme do?
Opened up new areas to farming
The virgin land scheme used ___ acres of land to farming
6 million acres
What was the focus of the Seven Year Plan?
Shifting from using coal to oil and gas
What was discovered to prompt the change from coal to oil and natural gas?
Volga-Ural fields
Synthetic fibre production rose from ___ tons to ___ tons
166 tons to 666 tons
The economic growth rate in Russia was higher than that of _______
Russia - __%
___ - __%
The USA:
Russia – 7.1%
USA – 2.9%
Why were many of Khrushchev’s policies rejected by the Sovnarkom?
They were a compromise on Communism
What huge accolade did Russia achieve during the 7 year plan?
First man in space
How were consumer goods effected by the 7 year plan?
Consumer goods increased but hugely lacked in quality
Why were the Kosygin reforms introduced?
To stimulate creativity
What did Kosygin want to use as a success indicator over quantity?
Profit
Why was Kosygin opposed in using profit as a success indicator?
Brezhnev didn’t want to take responsibility for them
When was Kosygin removed?
1968
What was the focus of the 9th FYP?
Consumer goods
The rate of growth of consumer goods was higher than that of ______________
Heavy industry
__% of families had washing machines
__% of families had a TV
70%
85%
Why did Khrushchev’s initial economic policy fail?
Fear of terror and bureaucracy stifled innovation
What social benefits did Khrushchev’s initial economic policy provide?
Removed harsh labour laws and reduced working hours
Give 2 specific failures of Khrushchev’s initial policy
- Housing shortage
- Severe lack of consumer goods
What was the main objective of Khrushchev’s initial policy?
To bring heavy industry up to a level to be able to compete with the West
In what year was there a particularly poor harvest under Khrushchev and what did it mean?
1963 - removed much progress because many animals had to be slaughtered
By how much did farmer’s income increase under Khrushchev?
51%
What agricultural body was removed under Khrushchev?
MTS
Under Khrushchev, by how much did food production increase?
51%
Investment in agriculture:
1959 - ___%
1960 - _%
Investment in agriculture:
1959 - 12.8%
1960 - 2%
Give 2 features of Brezhnev’s initial economic reforms
- Industrial complexes joined with scientific research to apply new technology
- Moved away from output as a success indicator
Why did Brezhnev’s policy of joining Industrial complexes with scientific research not work?
Factories didn’t want to stop production to install new technology
Economic growth rate:
1950s - __%
1960s - __%
1970s - __%
Economic growth rate:
1950s - 7%
1960s - 5%
1970s - 3%
Give the 4 key subheadings of the reasons for economic stagnation under Brezhnev
- Lack of investment
- Military industrial COmplex
- Outdated technology
- Being stuck in the Stalinist system
How much of the workforce did the Military Industrial Complex take up?
30 million
What % of investment was in the military industrial complex?
18%
Under Brezhnev, agriculture took up:
__% of the workforce
__% of investment
Under Brezhnev, agriculture took up:
25% of the workforce
26% of investment
Under Brezhnev, USSR agricultural output was / that of the USA
1/6
