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EDEXCEL Russian History > 1.3c How effective was the Soviet's use of culture and the arts? > Flashcards

1.3c How effective was the Soviet's use of culture and the arts? Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Prolekult?

A

1917-20

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2
Q

What was prolekult?

A

A deliberate challenge to high culture by the government

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3
Q

What was used as incentives at Prolekult festivals?

A

Extra rations

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4
Q

What was the Prolekult magazine?

A

Smithy - contained poems about factories and machines

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5
Q

Define constructivists

A

a key strand of the Prolekult culture who focused on the worker and industrial technology

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6
Q

Define Avant Garde

A

Experimental art following WW1

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7
Q

When was the Avant Garde period?

A

Just after WW1

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8
Q

Why was Avant Garde not well suited to the Russian peasants?

A

They couldn’t understand it

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9
Q

Give an example of Avant GArde being too advanced for Russian peasants

A

Mystery Bouffe was cancelled after 1 performance because it was so confusing

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10
Q

Give an example of an artist who started creating propaganda for the Government

A

Mayakovski

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11
Q

When was the Cultural Revolution?

A

1920s-1930s

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12
Q

What was the Cultural Revolution

A

An attempt to sweep away old Bourgeois elements of society

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13
Q

What was the slogan of the Cultural Revolution?

A

Boy meets Girl meets Tractor

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14
Q

What was the ‘cult of the little man’?

A

Glorification of workers achievements

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15
Q

What was Komsomol?

A

the Communist youth organisation used to root out Bourgeois elements

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16
Q

What is RAPP?

A

Russian Association of Proletarian Culture

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17
Q

What did RAPP do?

A

Attacked experimental artists and encouraged cultural activities in factories

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18
Q

When was the period of Socialist Realism?

A

1930s - 1950s

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19
Q

What was Socialist Realism?

A

Presenting idealistic images as Socialist life

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20
Q

As part of Socialist realism, what film was produced?

A

‘October’ depicting the October Revolution

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21
Q

What damning statistic is there about the filming of ‘October’ as part of Socialist realism?

A

More people died in the filming than in the real thing

22
Q

As part of Socialist realism, how did the music industry suffer?

A

They were pressured to promote the state too much

23
Q

As part of Socialist realism, what instrument was banned?

A

The saxophone because jazz was associated with decodance

24
Q

As part of Socialist realism, what was the Stalinist architecture called?

A

Baroque

25
Q

What did murals on the underground show?

A

Socialist Realism

26
Q

As part of Socialist realism, how did the focus of literature change?

A

The emphasis switched to party heroes from the cult of the little man

27
Q

As part of Socialist realism, what was the standard plot of literature?

A

Someone is guided to better things by the party

28
Q

How did Stalin refer to artists?

A

‘Engineers of Human Souls’

29
Q

Under Stalin, why were there signs of a reduction in restrictions on art and culture?

A

Due to the focus on WW2

30
Q

Under Stalin, which 2 artists were able to give public readings?

A

Anna Akhmatova & Boris Pasternak

31
Q

What piece of technology, released under Khrushchev, was a huge problem for the government?

A

Self publishing tape recorder - Magnitizdat

32
Q

From 1955, what radio station began broadcasting US music into the USSR?

A

‘The voice of America’

33
Q

Due to Khrushchev’s personal intervention, what book was allowed to be published due to de-Stalinisation

A

‘One day in the life of Denisovic’ - told about awful Gulag stories

34
Q

Under Brezhnev, why were writers most likely to get into trouble, rather than messages about government?

A

For touching on sexual themes

35
Q

Which guitarist became popular due to his focus on sex?

A

Vgsotsky

36
Q

What happened at Vgsotsky’s funeral?

A

There was a huge outpour of sadness, showing the alienation of young people

37
Q

Why could Derevenschki’s ‘School of village prose’ be seen as criticism of Soviet life?

A

It longed for a world of the past

38
Q

What did artists who conformed to the government or worked for them become known as?

A

Russites

39
Q

What art gallery did Brezhnev launch a propaganda campaign against and why?

A

Novosibirisk - displayed dissident art

40
Q

How did Brezhnev deal with the Novosibirisk art gallery incident?

A

Employed people to attack it, claiming they were outraged

41
Q

What was the international repercussions of the Novosibirisk gallery attack?

A

It was broadcast live on TV and so the government were forced to put it back on display

42
Q

Why was Joseph Brodsky arrested?

A

For reading his poems at secret gatherings

43
Q

Why was the Joseph Brodsky case so significant? (international)

A

Records of his arrest were smuggled abroad and people campaigned for his release

44
Q

What happened to Joseph Brodsky in the end?

A

Expelled from the USSR after 2 years

45
Q

What did Khrushchev say about modern art?

A

‘a donkey could smear better art with her tail’

46
Q

What happened with the case of Boris Pasternak?

A

One of his banned books was smuggled out of the country and won a Nobel prize in Italy which Khrushchev didn’t allow him to collect

47
Q

What happened with Andrei Sinyevsky and Yuli Daniel?

A

They were arrested which sparked protest of students and intellectuals

48
Q

How many students protested for Andrei Sinyevsky and Yuli Daniel?

A

200

49
Q

How many intelectuals signed the letter for Andrei Sinyevsky and Yuli Daniel?

A

63

50
Q

To what percentage did Andropov restrict the output of songs by non official composers?

A

20%

51
Q

Under Stalin, what was Zhandovschina?

A

An attempt to remove all aspects of Bourgeois culture in 1946 by Zhandov, party leader in Leningrad

52
Q

What did Zhandov do to popular musician, Shostakovich?

A

Invited him into his office to tap out basic tunes and told him there’s no point producing something that can’t be hummed to

EDEXCEL Russian History (16 decks)

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