1.4.4 Motivation Flashcards
Definition of Motivation
The desire or willingness that propels a person to take action
How does Motivation affect Productivity
-They are going to be more productive and efficient
-They will generate higher levels of output and quality
-Resulting in higher profits
How does Motivation affect Reliability
-They are going to more dependable and reliable
-They will show up on time, take pride in job and be absent less
How does Motivation affect Labour Turnover
-Motivated employees are likely to stay longer reducing labour turnover
-Reduces cost of training and recruitment
Who is behind the Scientific Management Theory
Taylor
How does Taylor’s theory work
-Study the work process
-Break down complex tasks into simpler ones
-Standardise the work process
-Select and train workers
-Provide incentives (normally financial)
4 Advantages of Taylor’s
-Increased efficiency
-Standardised procedures
-Improved training
-Specialisation of labour
4 Disadvantages of Taylor’s
-Overemphasis on efficiency
-Workers may disengage (cog in machine)
-Limited applicability for roles
-Potential for exploitation
Who is behind the Human Relations Theory
Mayo
How does Mayo’s theory work
-Improving the relationship between workers and management
-This can be done through team building, empowerment and a positive work experience
4 Advantages of Mayo’s
-Improved job satisfaction
-Better communication
-Stronger teams/community
-Increased empowerment
4 Disadvantages of Mayo’s
-Time consuming
-Resistance to change
-Potential for conflict
-Lack of control
Who is behind the Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow
What is Physiological Needs (5th tier)
Businesses should provide comfortable work environment through rest breaks, food and water
What is Safety Needs (4th tier)
Businesses should provide job security, fair pay and safe working conditions
What is Love and Belonging Needs (3rd tier)
Businesses can encourage teamwork and generate a sense of community and belonging
What is Esteem Needs (2nd tier)
Businesses can provide recognition for employees accomplishments and a positive work culture
What is Self-Actualisation Needs (1st tier)
Businesses should help employees by offering opportunities to pursue their passions and interests
3 Advantages of Maslow’s
-Higher employee satisfaction
-Increased motivation
-Increased employee performance
3 Disadvantages of Maslow’s
-One size doesn’t fit all (employees are unique)
-Expensive
-Time consuming
Who is behind the Two Factor Theory
Herzberg
What is a Hygiene Factor
Elements that do not necessarily lead to job satisfaction but absence causes dissatisfaction
What is a Motivator
Elements that lead to job satisfaction
How does Herzberg’s theory work
-By improving motivator factors, job satisfaction increases
-By improving hygiene factors, job dissatisfaction decreases
5 Examples of Hygiene Factors
-Working conditions
-Co-worker relations
-Salary
-Supervisor quality
-Policies and rules
5 Examples of Motivator Factors
-Recognition
-Responsibility
-Personal growth
-Work itself
-Advancement
What is Piecework
-Employees are paid for the number of units they produce
-Taylors
What is Commision
-A percentage of sales revenue paid to workers
-Herzberg (Hygiene), Maslow (Esteem), Taylor
What is a Bonus
-An additional payment given to staff as a reward for achieving specific goals or exceeding performance expectations
-Maslow (Esteem), Taylor
What is Profit Share
-A portion of the company’s profits are distributed among the staff
-Herzberg (Motivator), Taylor
What is Performance Related Pay
-Staff are paid on their performance
-Known to cause dissatisfaction and criticism
-Herzberg (Hygiene), Taylor
What is Delegation
-Transferring responsibility to staff from managers
-Maslow (Esteem), Herzberg (Motivator)
What is Consultation
-Involves seeking input of staff when making decisions
-Maslow (Esteem)
What is Empowerment
-Involves giving staff authority and resources to make decisions
-Maslow (Esteem), Herzberg (Motivator)
What is Team Working
-Involves creating opportunities for staff to work collaboratively
-Mayo
What is Flexible Working
-Involves providing staff with options to adjust hours or work pattern
-Maslow (Self Actualisation), Herzberg (Motivator)
What is Job Enrichment
-Involves adding more challenging or meaningful tasks to a job
-Mayo, Herzberg (Motivator)
What is Job Rotation
-Involves moving staff between different roles
-Herzberg (Motivator)
What is Job Enlargement
-Involves expanding staff’s job duties to include additional tasks or responsibilities
-Mayo, Herzberg (Motivator)
Definition of Non-Financial Incentives
Rewards or motivators that do not directly link to money
Definition of Financial Incentives
Rewards or payments that are given in return for performance
