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Business > 1.4.4 Motivation > Flashcards

1.4.4 Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Motivation

A

The desire or willingness that propels a person to take action

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2
Q

How does Motivation affect Productivity

A

-They are going to be more productive and efficient
-They will generate higher levels of output and quality
-Resulting in higher profits

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3
Q

How does Motivation affect Reliability

A

-They are going to more dependable and reliable
-They will show up on time, take pride in job and be absent less

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4
Q

How does Motivation affect Labour Turnover

A

-Motivated employees are likely to stay longer reducing labour turnover
-Reduces cost of training and recruitment

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5
Q

Who is behind the Scientific Management Theory

A

Taylor

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6
Q

How does Taylor’s theory work

A

-Study the work process
-Break down complex tasks into simpler ones
-Standardise the work process
-Select and train workers
-Provide incentives (normally financial)

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7
Q

4 Advantages of Taylor’s

A

-Increased efficiency
-Standardised procedures
-Improved training
-Specialisation of labour

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8
Q

4 Disadvantages of Taylor’s

A

-Overemphasis on efficiency
-Workers may disengage (cog in machine)
-Limited applicability for roles
-Potential for exploitation

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9
Q

Who is behind the Human Relations Theory

A

Mayo

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10
Q

How does Mayo’s theory work

A

-Improving the relationship between workers and management
-This can be done through team building, empowerment and a positive work experience

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11
Q

4 Advantages of Mayo’s

A

-Improved job satisfaction
-Better communication
-Stronger teams/community
-Increased empowerment

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12
Q

4 Disadvantages of Mayo’s

A

-Time consuming
-Resistance to change
-Potential for conflict
-Lack of control

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13
Q

Who is behind the Hierarchy of Needs

A

Maslow

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14
Q

What is Physiological Needs (5th tier)

A

Businesses should provide comfortable work environment through rest breaks, food and water

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15
Q

What is Safety Needs (4th tier)

A

Businesses should provide job security, fair pay and safe working conditions

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16
Q

What is Love and Belonging Needs (3rd tier)

A

Businesses can encourage teamwork and generate a sense of community and belonging

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17
Q

What is Esteem Needs (2nd tier)

A

Businesses can provide recognition for employees accomplishments and a positive work culture

18
Q

What is Self-Actualisation Needs (1st tier)

A

Businesses should help employees by offering opportunities to pursue their passions and interests

19
Q

3 Advantages of Maslow’s

A

-Higher employee satisfaction
-Increased motivation
-Increased employee performance

20
Q

3 Disadvantages of Maslow’s

A

-One size doesn’t fit all (employees are unique)
-Expensive
-Time consuming

21
Q

Who is behind the Two Factor Theory

A

Herzberg

22
Q

What is a Hygiene Factor

A

Elements that do not necessarily lead to job satisfaction but absence causes dissatisfaction

23
Q

What is a Motivator

A

Elements that lead to job satisfaction

24
Q

How does Herzberg’s theory work

A

-By improving motivator factors, job satisfaction increases
-By improving hygiene factors, job dissatisfaction decreases

25
Q

5 Examples of Hygiene Factors

A

-Working conditions
-Co-worker relations
-Salary
-Supervisor quality
-Policies and rules

26
Q

5 Examples of Motivator Factors

A

-Recognition
-Responsibility
-Personal growth
-Work itself
-Advancement

27
Q

What is Piecework

A

-Employees are paid for the number of units they produce
-Taylors

28
Q

What is Commision

A

-A percentage of sales revenue paid to workers
-Herzberg (Hygiene), Maslow (Esteem), Taylor

29
Q

What is a Bonus

A

-An additional payment given to staff as a reward for achieving specific goals or exceeding performance expectations
-Maslow (Esteem), Taylor

30
Q

What is Profit Share

A

-A portion of the company’s profits are distributed among the staff
-Herzberg (Motivator), Taylor

31
Q

What is Performance Related Pay

A

-Staff are paid on their performance
-Known to cause dissatisfaction and criticism
-Herzberg (Hygiene), Taylor

32
Q

What is Delegation

A

-Transferring responsibility to staff from managers
-Maslow (Esteem), Herzberg (Motivator)

33
Q

What is Consultation

A

-Involves seeking input of staff when making decisions
-Maslow (Esteem)

34
Q

What is Empowerment

A

-Involves giving staff authority and resources to make decisions
-Maslow (Esteem), Herzberg (Motivator)

35
Q

What is Team Working

A

-Involves creating opportunities for staff to work collaboratively
-Mayo

36
Q

What is Flexible Working

A

-Involves providing staff with options to adjust hours or work pattern
-Maslow (Self Actualisation), Herzberg (Motivator)

37
Q

What is Job Enrichment

A

-Involves adding more challenging or meaningful tasks to a job
-Mayo, Herzberg (Motivator)

38
Q

What is Job Rotation

A

-Involves moving staff between different roles
-Herzberg (Motivator)

39
Q

What is Job Enlargement

A

-Involves expanding staff’s job duties to include additional tasks or responsibilities
-Mayo, Herzberg (Motivator)

40
Q

Definition of Non-Financial Incentives

A

Rewards or motivators that do not directly link to money

41
Q

Definition of Financial Incentives

A

Rewards or payments that are given in return for performance

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