1.4.4 Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Motivation

A

The desire or willingness that propels a person to take action

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2
Q

How does Motivation affect Productivity

A

-They are going to be more productive and efficient
-They will generate higher levels of output and quality
-Resulting in higher profits

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3
Q

How does Motivation affect Reliability

A

-They are going to more dependable and reliable
-They will show up on time, take pride in job and be absent less

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4
Q

How does Motivation affect Labour Turnover

A

-Motivated employees are likely to stay longer reducing labour turnover
-Reduces cost of training and recruitment

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5
Q

Who is behind the Scientific Management Theory

A

Taylor

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6
Q

How does Taylor’s theory work

A

-Study the work process
-Break down complex tasks into simpler ones
-Standardise the work process
-Select and train workers
-Provide incentives (normally financial)

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7
Q

4 Advantages of Taylor’s

A

-Increased efficiency
-Standardised procedures
-Improved training
-Specialisation of labour

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8
Q

4 Disadvantages of Taylor’s

A

-Overemphasis on efficiency
-Workers may disengage (cog in machine)
-Limited applicability for roles
-Potential for exploitation

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9
Q

Who is behind the Human Relations Theory

A

Mayo

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10
Q

How does Mayo’s theory work

A

-Improving the relationship between workers and management
-This can be done through team building, empowerment and a positive work experience

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11
Q

4 Advantages of Mayo’s

A

-Improved job satisfaction
-Better communication
-Stronger teams/community
-Increased empowerment

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12
Q

4 Disadvantages of Mayo’s

A

-Time consuming
-Resistance to change
-Potential for conflict
-Lack of control

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13
Q

Who is behind the Hierarchy of Needs

A

Maslow

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14
Q

What is Physiological Needs (5th tier)

A

Businesses should provide comfortable work environment through rest breaks, food and water

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15
Q

What is Safety Needs (4th tier)

A

Businesses should provide job security, fair pay and safe working conditions

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16
Q

What is Love and Belonging Needs (3rd tier)

A

Businesses can encourage teamwork and generate a sense of community and belonging

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17
Q

What is Esteem Needs (2nd tier)

A

Businesses can provide recognition for employees accomplishments and a positive work culture

18
Q

What is Self-Actualisation Needs (1st tier)

A

Businesses should help employees by offering opportunities to pursue their passions and interests

19
Q

3 Advantages of Maslow’s

A

-Higher employee satisfaction
-Increased motivation
-Increased employee performance

20
Q

3 Disadvantages of Maslow’s

A

-One size doesn’t fit all (employees are unique)
-Expensive
-Time consuming

21
Q

Who is behind the Two Factor Theory

22
Q

What is a Hygiene Factor

A

Elements that do not necessarily lead to job satisfaction but absence causes dissatisfaction

23
Q

What is a Motivator

A

Elements that lead to job satisfaction

24
Q

How does Herzberg’s theory work

A

-By improving motivator factors, job satisfaction increases
-By improving hygiene factors, job dissatisfaction decreases

25
5 Examples of Hygiene Factors
-Working conditions -Co-worker relations -Salary -Supervisor quality -Policies and rules
26
5 Examples of Motivator Factors
-Recognition -Responsibility -Personal growth -Work itself -Advancement
27
What is Piecework
-Employees are paid for the number of units they produce -Taylors
28
What is Commision
-A percentage of sales revenue paid to workers -Herzberg (Hygiene), Maslow (Esteem), Taylor
29
What is a Bonus
-An additional payment given to staff as a reward for achieving specific goals or exceeding performance expectations -Maslow (Esteem), Taylor
30
What is Profit Share
-A portion of the company's profits are distributed among the staff -Herzberg (Motivator), Taylor
31
What is Performance Related Pay
-Staff are paid on their performance -Known to cause dissatisfaction and criticism -Herzberg (Hygiene), Taylor
32
What is Delegation
-Transferring responsibility to staff from managers -Maslow (Esteem), Herzberg (Motivator)
33
What is Consultation
-Involves seeking input of staff when making decisions -Maslow (Esteem)
34
What is Empowerment
-Involves giving staff authority and resources to make decisions -Maslow (Esteem), Herzberg (Motivator)
35
What is Team Working
-Involves creating opportunities for staff to work collaboratively -Mayo
36
What is Flexible Working
-Involves providing staff with options to adjust hours or work pattern -Maslow (Self Actualisation), Herzberg (Motivator)
37
What is Job Enrichment
-Involves adding more challenging or meaningful tasks to a job -Mayo, Herzberg (Motivator)
38
What is Job Rotation
-Involves moving staff between different roles -Herzberg (Motivator)
39
What is Job Enlargement
-Involves expanding staff's job duties to include additional tasks or responsibilities -Mayo, Herzberg (Motivator)
40
Definition of Non-Financial Incentives
Rewards or motivators that do not directly link to money
41
Definition of Financial Incentives
Rewards or payments that are given in return for performance