14.0 Quality Flashcards
Key messages of the quality theme
- Customers say what they want (these are called requirements and developed before the start of the project)
- Product descriptions detail the technical specification that can be used to meet the requirements (within these, they will have an acceptance criteria)
- The customer signs of the requirements, the product descriptions and that they have got what they asked for
What is quality management?
A discipline for ensuring that outputs, benefits, and the processes by which they are delivered, meet stakeholder requirements and are fit for purpose
What is acceptance criteria?
A prioritised list of criteria that the product must meet before the customer will accept it (i.e. measurable definitions of the attributes required for the set of products to be acceptable to key stakeholders)
What is quality criteria?
A description of the quality specification that the product must meet, and the quality measurements that will be applied by those inspecting the finished product
Where should the customer’s quality expectations be captured?
in the project product description
What is the purpose of the quality theme?
To define and implement the means by which the project will verify that products are fit for purpose
Key terms: Quality
The degree by which a set of characteristics of a product, service, progress, person, organisation, system or resource fulfils requirements
Key terms: Project Assurance
‘Corporate’ and independent of the project and the Project Manager
Key terms: Quality Planning
Defining the Project Product Description (with subjective Customer Quality Expectations and objective Acceptance Criteria) and Product Descriptions (with Quality Criteria) and approval responsibilities
Who approves the Project Product Description?
Executive
Senior User
Senior Supplier (if necessary)
Who provides details of the Corporate, programme management or customer quality management system?
Corporate, programme management or customer
Who advises/assists the Project Manager with preparing and maintaining the Product Descriptions?
Project Assurance
Team Manager
Who documents customer’s Quality Expectations and Acceptance Criteria?
Project Manager
Who provides the customer’s Quality Expectations and Acceptance Criteria?
Senior User
Who provides administrative support for quality controls?
Project Support
Who prepares the Project Product Description (with users)?
Project Manager
Who approves the Quality Management Approach?
Executive
Senior Supplier
Senior User
Who provides Quality Assurance?
Corporate, programme management or the customer
Who confirms acceptance of the Project Product?
Executive
Who prepares and maintains the Product Descriptions?
Project Manager
Who produces products consistent with Product Descriptions?
Team Manager
Who manages quality controls for the products concerned?
Team Manager
Who assists the Project Board and Project Manager by reviewing the Product Descriptions?
Project Assurance
Who advises the Project Manager on suitable quality reviewers/approvers?
Project Assurance
Who approves the quality methods, techniques and tools adopted in product development?
Senior Supplier
Who provides resources to undertake supplier quality activities?
Senior Supplier
Who approves the Product Descriptions for key user products?
Senior User
Who assembles quality records?
Team Manager
Who advises the Project Manager of product quality status?
Team Manager
Who ensures that Team Managers implement the quality control measures agreed in Product Descriptions and work packages?
Project Manager
Who prepares and maintains the Quality Register and the quality records?
Project Support
Who assists Team Managers and members with the application of the project’s quality processes?
Project Support
Who provides acceptance of the Project Product?
Senior User
Who provides resources to undertake supplier quality activities?
Senior Supplier
Who approves Product Descriptions for key specialist products?
Senior Supplier
Who assures Project Board members on the implementation of the Quality Management Approach (the proper conduct of the project management and quality procedures)?
Project Assurance
What 2 products are4 produced and maintained for the Quality theme?
- Quality Management Approach
- Quality Register
What is a Quality Management Approach?
The QMA describes how quality will be managed on the project, including the specific processes, procedures, techniques, standards and responsibilities added
What is the Quality Register?
The Quality Register is used to summarise all the quality management activities that are planned or have taken place, and provides information for the end stage reports and end stage project report
What type of PROJECT assurance does the Executive have?
Business assurance
What type of PROJECT assurance does the Senior User have?
User assurance
What type of PROJECT assurance does the Senior Supplier have?
Supplier assurance
Quality assurance vs. project assurance
Quality assurance is independent of the project
Project assurance is independent of the Project Manager but not independent of the project
What is a product?
An input or output, whether tangible or intangible, that can be described in advance, created and tested.
What are 2 types of products in PRINCE2?
Management products
Speciality products
What is quality control?
Carrying out the quality methods; maintaining quality and approval records; and gaining acceptance.
What is quality criteria?
The quality measurements that will be applied by those inspecting the finished product in sufficient detail
How can quality tolerances be specified in quality criteria?
by defining an acceptable range of (test) values
What are quality methods?
The quality activities to be implemented during the development of a product and for review and approval on completion
What are the 2 types of quality methods?
in-process
appraisal
What are appraisal quality methods?
Testing (if the quality criteria are truly objective and quantifiable) or quality inspection (if some subjective judgement is required)
What are in-process quality methods?
E.g. the use of quality inspections during the course of product as well as upon completion
What are the quality responsibilities of the Producer?
The producer is the person/group responsible for developing a product
What are the quality responsibilities of the Reviewer?
The reviewer is a person/group independent of the producer who assesses whether a product meets its requirements defined in its Product Description
What are the quality responsibilities of the Approver?
The approver is qualified and authorised to approve a (management or specialist) product as being complete and fit for purpose
TRUE OR FALSE: Quality assurance is carried out by the project team.
FALSE
Individuals undertaking quality assurance must be separate from the project team and be able to provide independent insight to give stakeholders and other bodies confidence
When should the customer’s quality expectations be agreed?
Early in the Starting Up a Project process
The project’s acceptance criteria form a list of measurable definitions of the attributes required for a set of products to be acceptable to key stakeholders. What are some examples?
Ease of use Ease of support Ease of maintenance Appearance Major functions Development costs Running costs Capacity Availability Reliability Security Accuracy Performance
TRUE OR FALSE: Acceptance criteria can be refined during the Initiating a Project process.
TRUE
Little may be understood about the project’s products during the Starting Up a Project process. Each management stage provides further information. Refinements to acceptance criteria can be agreed during the Initiating a Project Process and incorporated through change control.
What is a quality inspection?
A systematic, structured assessment of a product conducted in a planned, documented and organised fashion
What are the 4 roles in the Review Team?
- Chair - responsible for the overall conduct of the review
- Presenter - represents the producers
- Reviewers - submit questions, confirm corrections/improvements
- Administrator - records the result and actions
