13: The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

Question 1

Taika reforms

Answer 1

• Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscripted army.
• Attempt to change Japanese government.

Question 2

Tale of Genji, The

Answer 2

• Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; related life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society.
• First novel in any language.
• Showed style of Japanese society.

Question 3

Fujiwara

Answer 3

• Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.
• Had considerable influence over Japanese imperial affairs.
• Aided in decline of imperial power.

Question 4

bushi

Answer 4

• Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects and collected revenues; built up private armies.
• Ruled small kingdoms in Japan.

Question 5

samurai

Answer 5

• Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor.
• Bushi’s troops.
• Loyal to bushi, not emperor.

Question 6

sepukku

Answer 6

• Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly know in the West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor.
• Ritualistic suicide that would restore honor and demonstrate courage.
• Showed Japanese dedication to honor.

Question 7

Taira

Answer 7

• Powerful Japanese family in 11th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars.
• Powerful Japanese family that participated in Gempei wars.

Question 8

Minamoto

Answer 8

• Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th-century Japan.
• Came out victorious in Gempei Wars.
• Established bakufu government.

Question 9

Gempei Wars

Answer 9

• Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira.
• War between Taira and Minamoto.
• Resulted in destruction of Taira and formation of bakufu.

Question 10

bakufu

Answer 10

• Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai.
• Government formed after Gempei Wars.
• Government form that left power mostly in military and samurai.

Question 11

shoguns

Answer 11

• Military leaders of the bakufu (military governments in Japan).
• Led bakufu.

Question 12

Hojo

Answer 12

• Warrior family closely allied with Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers who claimed to rule in the name of Japanese emperor at Kyoto.
• Dominated Kamkura and manipulated Minamto.

Question 13

Ashikaga Takuaji

Answer 13

• Member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336- 1537; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.
• Ashikaga drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.
• Established the Ashikaga Takuaji.

Question 14

Ashikaga Shogunate

Answer 14

• Replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336- 1537; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority.
• Replaced Kamakura regime.

Question 15

daimyos

Answer 15

• Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states.
• Warlord rulers.

Question 16

Choson

Answer 16

• Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 B.C.E.
• First Korean kingdom.

Question 17

Koguryo

Answer 17

• Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 B.C.E.; adopted cultural Sinification.
• Northern Korean tribes then kingdoms.

Question 18

Silla

Answer 18

• Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.
• Defeated Koguryo and ruled united Korea.

Question 19

Paeche

Answer 19

• Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century.
• Independent Korean kingdom.

Question 20

Sinification

Answer 20

• Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan,less typical of Vietnam.
• Adaption of Chinese culture in other regions.
• Shaped Korean and Japanese culture.

Question 21

Yi

Answer 21

• Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence.
• Korean dynasty that ruled Korea to 1910.
• Restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence in Korea.

Question 22

Khmers

Answer 22

• Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south.
• Influenced Vietnamese society and culture.

Question 23

Trung sisters

Answer 23

• Leaders of one the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.
• Leaders of one the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule.
• Demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.

Question 24

Chams

Answer 24

• Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south,
• Vietnamese rivals driven into the highlands.

Question 25

Nguyen

Answer 25

• Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.
• Challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi.

Question 26

Trinh

Answer 26

• Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Ngyuen family in south.
• Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772.