12: Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties Flashcards
1
Q
Yangdi
A
- Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618.
- Restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system.
- Strengthed foundations for political unification and posperity in Sui economic prosperity at first but then brought it’s downfall.
2
Q
Li Yuan
A
- AKA Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assisnation of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu.
- Took over empire following assisnation of Yangdi.
- First emperor of Tang dynasty.
3
Q
Chang’an
A
- Capital of Tang dyanasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.
- Capital of Tang dyanasty.
4
Q
Ministry of Rites
A
- Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars.
- Helped those of lower classes get into higher ranking positions without connections.
5
Q
jinhsi
A
-Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office.
6
Q
pure land Buddhism
A
- Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society.
- Popular among masses of Chinese society.
7
Q
Chan Buddhism (China)/ Zen Buddhism (Japan)
A
- Stressed meditiation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; Chan popular with elite members of Chinese society.
- Main religion of upper classes of Chinese society,.
8
Q
Empress Wu
A
- Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created.
- Supported Buddhist establishment.
- Tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created.
9
Q
Wuzong
A
- Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monastaries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology.
- Openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monastaries in 840s.
- Reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology.
10
Q
Xuanzong
A
- Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion.
- Encouraged overexpansion.
- Weaked dynasty.
11
Q
Yang Guifei
A
- Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt.
- Packed upper levels of government with her greedy relatives.
- Led to revolt.
12
Q
Zhao Kuangyin
A
- Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following the fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dtnasty that remained independent.
- Founder of Song dynasty.
- Failed to overcome northern Liao dtnasty that remained independent.
13
Q
Liao Dynasty
A
- Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan people from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China.
- Nomads independant of Song.
- Weakened Song through attacks.
14
Q
Khitans
A
- Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century.
- Militarily superior to Song dynasty.
- Forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century.
15
Q
Zhu Xi
A
- Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philisophical principles to everyday life and action.
- Influenced culture, beliefs, and women’s rights in Song Era.
16
Q
neo- Confucians
A
- Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences.
- Emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences.
- Changed culture such as lessened women’s rights.
17
Q
Tangut
A
- Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Songl conquered by Mongols in 1226.
- Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China.
18
Q
Xi Xia
A
- Kingdom of Tangut people north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry.
- Collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry.
19
Q
Wang Anshi
A
- Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society.
- Introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists.
- Advocated greater state intervention in society.
20
Q
Jurchens
A
- Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeedd the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south.
- Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeedd the Liao in northern China.
- Forced Song to flee to south.
21
Q
Jin
A
- Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended in 1234.
- Overthrew Liao dynasty.
- Forced Song to flee south.
22
Q
Southern Song
A
- Rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history.
- One of most glorious reigns in Chinese history culturally.
23
Q
Grand Canal
A
- Built in 7th century during reign of Yandi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the the north China plainwith the Yandtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long.
- Linked the original centers of Chinese civilization on the the north China plainwith the Yandtze river basin to the south.
- Helped trade and economy.
24
Q
junks
A
- Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fanders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula.
- Dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula.
- Improved economic activity.
25
Q
flying money
A
- Chinese credit intrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency.
- Reduced danger of robbery so economy better.
- Early form of currency.
26
Q
footbinding
A
- Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women’s feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women’s movement; made it easier to confine women in the household.
- Made it easier to confine women in the household.
- Decreased women’s rights.
27
Q
Li Bo
A
- Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philisophical musings.
- Most famous poet of Tang era.
- Influenced Tang thinking.
