06: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam Flashcards
1
Q
bedouin
A
- Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.
- Beginning of Islamic culture.
- Set the basis for later Arabian civilization
2
Q
shayks
A
- Leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children.
- Leaders of bedouin tribes
- Brought a semblance of order
3
Q
Mecca
A
- City located in mountainous region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka’ba; original home of Muhammad; location of cheif religious pilgrimage point in Islam.
- Major center of trade and birthplace of Muhammad
- Helped bring influence to Arabian culture.
4
Q
Umayyad
A
- Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan established dynasty as rulers of Islam, 661 to 750.
- First major clan of Arabian culture
- Influenced culture of politics of the region.
5
Q
Ka’ba
A
- Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus on obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam.
- Important religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia.
- Brought temporary truce between bedouin tribes.
6
Q
Medina
A
- Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palm whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra).
- Trading city near Mecca.
- Where Muhammad flew to.
7
Q
Muhammad
A
- Prophet of Islam; born c. 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father’y family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and thereafter; died in 632.
- Starter of Islam.
- Islam is a major and influential world religion.
8
Q
Khadijah
A
- First wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader.
- One of the original followers of Muhammad.
9
Q
Qur’an
A
- Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam.
- Basis of Islam
- Shaped Islam and Islamic world.
10
Q
Ali
A
- Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi’a.
- Secured safe passage for Muhammad and his followers to Medina.
- Without him Islam may not even exist.
11
Q
umma
A
- Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity.
- Brought degree of political unity.
12
Q
zakat
A
- Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims.
- Showed less contempt for those of lower classes.
- Rich were forbidden from exploiting the poor.
13
Q
five pillars
A
- The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj.
- Basic duties of all Muslims
- Structured daily Muslim life.
14
Q
caliph
A
- The political and religious successor to Muhammad.
- Political/religious leaders after Muhammad’s death.
- Controlled SPICE for Islamic world.
15
Q
Bakar, Abu
A
- One of Muhammad’s earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community.
- First political leader of Islamic world.
- Very able commander.
