09: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe

Question 1

Hagia Sophia

Answer 1

~New church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian.
~One of the wonders of the Christian world.
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Question 2

Belisarius

Answer 2

~One of Justinian’s most important military commanders during period of reconquest of western Europe; commanded in north Africa and Italy.
~One of Justinian’s most important military commanders during period of reconquest of western Europe.
~Commanded in north Africa and Italy.

Question 3

Greek fire

Answer 3

~Byzantine weapon consisting of mixtures of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back the Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople.
~Drove back the Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople.
~E and C SPICE

Question 4

Bulgaria

Answer 4

~Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014.
~Constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire.
~Defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014.

Question 5

Icon

Answer 5

~An icon is an artistic representation; usually of a religious figure.
~Caused controversy between east and west churches.
~Contributed to Great Schism.

Question 6

Cyril

Answer 6

~Along with Methodius, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to orthodox Christianity; responsible for written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic.
~Converted southern Russia and Balkans to orthodox Christianity.
~Responsible for written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic.

Question 7

Methodius

Answer 7

~Along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to orthodox Christianity; responsible for written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic.
~Converted southern Russia and Balkans to orthodox Christianity.
~Responsible for written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic.

Question 8

Kiev

Answer 8

~Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century.
~Became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century.
~Beginning of Russian civilization.

Question 9

Rurik

Answer 9

~Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E.
~Founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev.
~Founded Russia.

Question 10

Kievian Rus’

Answer 10

~The predecessor to modern Russia, Kievian Rus’ was a medieval state which existed from the end of the 9th to the middle of the 13th century. Its territory spanned parts of modern Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia.
~Russia’s predecessor.
~Led the way for modern Russia.

Question 11

Vladimir I

Answer 11

~Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity.
~Converted kingdom to Christianity.
~Changed Russian religion.

Question 12

Russian Orthodoxy

Answer 12

~Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments.
~Russian form of Christianity.
~Led C SPICE of Russia.

Question 13

Yaroslav

Answer 13

~Last of great Kievian monarchs; issued legal codification based on formal codes developed in Byzantium.
~Legal codification.

Question 14

boyars

Answer 14

~Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe.
~Member of the highest rank of the Kievan aristocracy.
~Political and Economic SPICE

Question 15

Tatars

Answer 15

~Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievian state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact.
~Captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievian state in 1236.
~Left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact.