Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

JG Year 1 > 124 - Vaccination > Flashcards

124 - Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells are the progenitors for all other blood cells?

A

Haemocytoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does pre-natal haematopoesis happen?

(5 listed)

A
  • yolk sac
  • liver
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
  • AGM region (dorsum of developing aorta)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which protein is important for directing megakaryocyte down the platelet differentiate pathway?

A

Thrombopoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which hormone is important in directing megakaryocyte down the pathway to become a RBC?

A

EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do common lymphoid progenitor cells differentiate into?

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • dendritic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which immunoglobulin is important in immunity against allergens?

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which gene segments of germline DNA contribute to the light chain of an Ig?

A

V + J gene segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which gene segments of germline DNA contribute to the heavy chain of an Ig?

A

V + J + D segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 subunits of T-cell receptor?

A

α and β

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which has a stronger interaction with antigens?

  • antibodies
  • T-cell receptors
A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 3 functions of antibodies

(5 listed)

A
  • osponisation
  • complement activation
  • ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)
  • agglutination
  • neutralisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 3 types of antigen presenting cells

A
  • dendritic cells
  • mecrophages
  • B-lymphocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which MHC class do CD4+ cells recognise and bind to?

A

MHC class II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cells are CD4+ cells?

  • T regulatory cells
  • T cytotoxic cells
A

T regulatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of cells are CD8+ cells?

  • T regulatory cells
  • T cytotoxic cells
A

T cytotoxic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which MHC class do CD8+cells recognise and bind to?

A

MHC class I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which cells stimulate a cellular immune response?

  • Th1
  • Th2

(both are CD4+cells)

A

Th1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which cells stimulate a humoral immune response i.e. activation of B cells?

  • Th1
  • Th2

(both are CD4+)

A

Th2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is anergy?

A

Inactivation of cells which recognises ‘self’ antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which Ig do immature B cells present?

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which 2 Ig’s do mature B cells have on their cell surface?

A
  • IgG
  • IgM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What percentage of the naive B ccells enter the lymph nodes from the bone marrow? (as opposed to the spleen)

A

~40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do B cells have to traverse to enter lymphnodes?

A

HEV’s

(high endothelial venules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What effect do the cytokines CCL19 and CCL21 have on B cells close to lymph nodes?

A
  • attracts them to the HEVs
  • produced by the stromal cells within the lymphnodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
CXCL13 are produced by follicular sendritic cells - where are these cells found and what are they aiming to attract?
B cells into the primary follicles in the lymoh nodes
26
What effect does BAFF have on B cells?
Folicular dendritic cells need regular stimulation from BAFF so that B cells dont die by apoptosis
27
Describe the process following B cells encountering an antigen
* B cells engulf the antigen * display pieces of the antigen on their MHC class II * migration to the boundary of the cortex and paracortex withiing the lymphnode/spleen
28
Where does clonal expansion of B cells begin?
In the dark zone of the germinal centres (spleen/lymph nodes)
29
What does somatic hypermutation of the B cells produce?
Clones with slightly stronger/weaker antigen binding capacity
30
Where are the B cells situated in the process of clonal expansion when they are expressing antigens again?
In the basal light zone
31
What is produced by the FDCs which sends a 'survive' signal to the B cells?
Cytokines
32
What process makes centrocytes develop into memory B cells?
Interaction with Th cells
33
What organelle are plasma cells abundent in to allow production of lots of antibodies?
RER
34
What does CD154 of a Th cell bind to on a B cell?
CD40
35
What does B7RP on the surface of a B cell bind to on a Th cell?
ICOS (Inducible T-cell COStimulator)
36
Which metabolite does *S mutans* produce?
Lactic acid
37
Which cell do LPS and LBP interact with? (can lead to endotoxic shock)
* macrophages
38
What can endotoxic shock lead to? | (3 listed)
* DIC * ARDS * MOSF
39
What do type 1 endotoxins act on? | (give 1 example)
* act on membrane of host cell * interferes with signal transduction e.g. *E.coli *produces heat stable enterotoxin * increase of intracellular cAMP * increase of intracellular Ca2+ * --\> electrolyte loss and diarrhoea
40
Super antigens are Type 1 exotoxins. How do they cause damage to the host?
* cause hyperstimulation of immune response * act like glue which sticks MHC class II and Th cells together
41
Which type of exotoxins form pores in the host cells?
Type 2 - membrane disrupting
42
Which exotoxin does Clostrium spp. produce to disrupt the membrane of host cells?
Phospholipase C
43
How much does the Type 3 exotoxin 'A-B' damage host cells?
* acts intracellularly * B --\> mediates receptor endocytosis * A can then act enzymatically against intracellular target
44
What 4 things make up the T receptor complex?
* CD3 * CD34 * B7-1 * TCR
45
Which cytokine do Tcells secrete to self stimulate when they interact with dendritic cells?
IL-2
46
Which 2 cytokines are produced by proliferating T cells to promote antigen presenting and unregulating MHC in infected cells
* INF-λ * IL-4
47
What do perforins do to pathogenic cells? (released by cytotoxic T cells)
Make holes in the cell membranes
48
What to granzymes do to pathogenic cells? (produced by cytotoxic T cells)
Induce apoptosis in affected cells
49
CD4 + \_\_\_ → CD4+ Th**1** type (\*hint\* = cytokine)
IL-12
50
CD4+ + ____ → CD4+ Th**2** type | (\*hint\* = cytokine)
IL-4
51
Which cytokine do Th1 type CD4+ cells secrete to make macrophages more phagocytic?
INF-λ
52
Which cytokine do Th-2 type CD4+ cells secrete which is involved in AB response?
IL-4
53
Which vaccine exploits linked recognition in order to produce an AB response?
Hibconjugate vaccine
54
What effect does tetanus toxoid protein produce in the body? (part of Hib vaccine)
Promotes T cell response
55
Which of the following is a live vaccine? * Hep B * MenC * MMR
MMR
56
What type of vaccine is Varicella Zoster?
Immunoglobulin
57
Which 2 forms of vaccine can be given against influenza?
* Live vaccine * Inactivated vaccine
58
What is DTaP?
* Diphtheria * Tetanus * Acellular pertussis
59
What dose of oral steroid in contraindicated in giving live vaccinations?
2mg/kg/day
60
Why is pregnancy a contraindication for giving live vaccinations?
Risk of foetal infection
61
What is an absolute contraindication for a vaccination?
Previous anaphylaxis to component of a vaccine

JG Year 1 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions