118 Pregnancy Flashcards
How many weeks is classed as ‘term’?
37-42
At how many weeks can the foetal heart rate be heard by a doppler?
12
What is the normal position of the baby’s head when palpated in vaginal examination + what is the diameter?
Direct occipito anterior
9.5cm
What part of the baby’s head is being felt in relation to the ischeal spines when palpating the station of the baby’s head?
Parietal eminences
What is ‘effacement’ of the cervix?
Incorporation of the cervical canal into the lower uterine segment
What stage of labour does cervical effacement occur?
Phase 1 - throughout the latent phase
Describe the steps in the delivery of the baby
- Extension of the head through the birth canal
- Restitution to allow delivery of the shoulders
- Baby born by lateral flexion as the anterior shoulder slips under the pubic bone
What is the Brandt-Andrews manouevre?
Controlled cord traction when the placenta is being delivered
What is operculum?
Blood stained mucous discharge
What is syntocinon and why is it given?
Synthetic oxytocin and octapeptide - causes rhythmical contractions of the uterus during labour
What effect does IV ergometrine have on labour?
Produces more sustained uterine contractions
When is syntometrine given during labour?
- Injected into the cervix when the anterior shoulder is at the pubic bone
- Reduces the risk of post-partem haemorrhage and to detatch the placenta
What is the APGAR score used for?
To assess the newborn post-delivery
- Appearance
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Activity
- Respiration
What is placenta praevia?
When the placenta is situated partially/fully over the lower uterine segment
Why is IOL indicated in prolonged pregnancy?
If pregancy >42 weeks - risk of uteroplacental insufficiency and increased risk of perinatal mortality
What are the tests in the quadruple test antenatally?
- inhibin AA
- AFP
- nCH
- unconjugated oestriol
Which type of anaemia is most common during pregnancy?
Iron deficient
Name 3 causes of bleeding during pregnancy
- threatened miscarriage
- placenta preavia
- placental abruption
- ectropian
What is cervical ectropion?
- When there are endocervical columnar epithelium present on the vaginal portion of the cervix
- metaplasia from columnar to stratified squamous
Where are VTEs most commonly found in pregnant women?
- Proximally in the left leg
- increased pressure intra-abdominally (slight compression of the L iliac vein as it crosses the iliac artery)
- venous stasis
Name a complication to the newborn of maternal diabetes in pregnancy
Macrosomia causing shoulder dystocia
Which condition during pregnancy shows the following:
- pruritis
- no rash
- derranged liver function
Obstetric cholestasis
Why is vitamin K given to newborns shortly after delivery?
- VItamin K is important for clotting and clotting factors in newborns is 30-60% of adults
- risk of bleeding if not received
- risk of brain damage, stroke etc
