Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

JG Year 1 > 111 Obesity > Flashcards

111 Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Which germ layer does the GIT derive from?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which part of the GIT do the liver and biliary system develop from?

A

Foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the dorsal mesentary develop into?

(4 listed)

A
  • Greater omentum
  • mesoduoderm
  • dorsal mesoderm
  • mesentary proper of the jejunum and ilium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which week of development has the oesophagus reached its finial relative length?

A

Week 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the name of the process in development by which cells which previously fill the lumen of the developing GIT die away?

A

Re-canalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In which week of development does the liver start to bud off the ventral foregut?

A

Week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the liver in-utero?

A

Haematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In which week of development does the primitive pancreas start secreting insulin?

A

Week 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In which week of development does the primitive pancreas start secreting glucagon?

A

Week 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which artery does the midgut rotate around in the extra-embryonic cavity?

A

SMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which structure develops into the umbilical vessel?

A

Allantois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Terminal part of the hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the 2 spaces the urorectal septum splits the cloaca into

A

Urogenital sinus (vetrally)

Rectum and anal canal (dorsally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In which weeks of development does the cloacal membrane rupture?

A

Weeks 4-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the line which separates the superior 2/3rds and the inferior 1/3 of the anal canal? (change from endothelium to epithelium)

A

Pectinate line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which 3 nuclei of the hypothalamus are important in appetite regulation?

A
  • arcuate nucleus
  • ventromedial
  • lateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which nucleus is active when there is an increase in blood glucose?

A

ventromedial of hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the result of a lesion to the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus?

A
  • usually involved in stimulating appetite after decrease in blood glu
  • in lesion = weight loss as no hunger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which adipostat is produced by adipose tissue and is detected in the blood by the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus?

A

Leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which gene codes for leptin?

A

Obgene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kind of peptides are CART and αMSH?

  • anorexigenic
  • orexigenic

How do they affect feeding?

A
  • anorexigenic
  • inhibit feeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What kind of peptides are NPY and AgRP?

  • anorexigenic
  • orexigenic

How do they affect feeding?

A
  • orexigenic
  • activate feeding behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of anorexigenic peptides from the arcuate nucleus?

A

Insulin

24
Q

Where and when is ghrelin produced?

A

Produced by the stomach before meals

25
Q

Which cranial nerve is stimulated bu distention of the stomach and by secretion of CCK?

A

Vagus

26
Q

Which NT is released just before and during a meal?

A

Serotonin

27
Q

What *was sibutramine used to treat?

A
  • Obesity - NA and 5HT uptake inhibitor.
  • withdrawn due to CVS effects
28
Q

Which 2 peptides involved in appetite regulation act on the MC4 receptor?

A
  • αMSH –> binds and inhibits feeding behaviour
  • AgRB –> blocks receptor to promote feeding behaviour
29
Q

Which gene is mutated in the most common genetic cause of obesity?

A

MC4R

30
Q

What is the MOA of anandamide in the treatment of obesity?

A

Inhibits NT release

31
Q

What percentage of the energy required in a day should come from proteins?

A

15%

32
Q

What percentage of the energy required in a day should come from carbohydrates?

A

47%

33
Q

What percentage of the energy required in a day should come from lipids?

A

38%

34
Q

What is produced from the metabolism of FAs?

A

Ketone bodies

35
Q

What is the end-product in the hydrolysis of sucrose?

A

fructose

36
Q

What is the end-product in the hydrolysis of lactose?

A

Galactose

37
Q

Name 4 glucose dependent tissues/cells

A
  • RBCs
  • lymphocytes
  • brain
  • skeletal muscle in severe excercise
38
Q

Name 4 FA dependent tissues

A
  • liver
  • kidney cortex
  • cardiac muscle
  • skeletal muscle
39
Q

Name 4 ketone body dependent tissues

A
  • brain (during starvation)
  • kidney cortex
  • cardiac muscle
  • skeletal muscle
40
Q

Which term describes the energy requirement by an awake person during physical, digestive and emotional rest?

A

Basal metabolic rate

41
Q

How is BMR calculated?

A

= wt (kg) x 24kcal/day

42
Q

What percentage of the body’s protein can be used without causing damage?

A

20% (>40% causes damage)

43
Q

Which 4 factors = metabolic syndrome?

A
  • obesity
  • DM II
  • HTN
  • microalbuminuria
44
Q

Name 3 rare causes of obesity

(5 listed)

A
  • hypothyroidism
  • lucocorticoid excess
  • hypothalamic dysfunction
  • GH deficiency
  • Prader-Willi syndrome
45
Q

What is GLP-1 usually used to treat but also shown a role in the treatment of obesity?

A

DM II

46
Q

What is the MOA of GLP-1 in obesity?

A
  • Decraeses gastric emptying and increases satiety in the hypothalamus
  • upregulates intracellular cAMP resulting in the release of insulin given elevated blood glucose concentrations
  • decreases secretion of glucagon
47
Q

What is the MOA of the exenamide?

(used in the treatment of obesity)

A
  • glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist
  • promotes satiety via the hypothalamic receptors
  • augments the pancreas’ secretion in response to food
48
Q

What is the MOA of liraglutide?

(used in the treatment of obesity)

A

GLP-1 agonist

49
Q

Name the 3 categories of bariatric surgery

A
  • restrictive
  • malabsorptive
  • combined
50
Q

What is the process in LAGB?

(laprascopic adjustable gastric banding)

A
  • band placed around the cardia of the stomach
  • limits the amount of food which can enter - restrictive
  • port placed on the sternum - links to the band
  • saline injected into the band to reduce the size of the opening
51
Q

What are thr risks associated with LAGB?

4 listed

(laprascopic adjustable gastric band)

A
  • port site erosion
  • erosion of the band
  • infection of port site
  • slip of the band
52
Q

Which category of gastric surgery does a sleeve gastrectomy fit into?

A

restrictive

53
Q

Why are patients who have a sleeve gastrectomy less hungry post op?

A

Ghrelin found in the fundus of the stomach which promotes feelings of hunger –> removed

54
Q

What does BPD with DS mean?

A

Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switching

55
Q

What dietary advice is given to pts whi have BPD with DS?

A

High protein diet needed as it’s a malabsorptie procedure

56
Q

Why would pts need to take Vit D supplements following gastric surgery?

A

When pts have BPD there is malabsorption of VitD –> can develop anaemia and OP

57
Q

What is LRYGB?

A

Lap Roux en y gastric bypass

JG Year 1 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions