Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

JG Year 1 > 123 Depression > Flashcards

123 Depression Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 TCAs

A
  • amitryptyline
  • imipramine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MOA of antidepressants?

A

Inhibits the reuptake of NA and -HT by competing at the binding site at the presynaptic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 4 contraindications of prescribing TCAs

A
  1. prostatism
  2. recent MI
  3. narrow angle glaucoma
  4. heart block
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the anti-muscarinic effects of TCAs?

(4 listed)

A
  • blurred vision
  • dry mouth
  • consipation
  • urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 2 types of sedaive drugs which would interact with TCAs

A
  • alcohol
  • opiates
  • antihistamines
  • anxiolytics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why should TCAs like amitripyline not be prescribed with e.g. amiodarone?

A

Both have a risk of prolonging QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drug class do the following belong to?

  • phenelzine
  • isocarboxazid
  • tranylcypromine
A

MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which MAO receptor is targetted in drug therapy due to having a preference for 5-HT?

A

MAO-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 4 possible SE of MAOIs

(6 listed)

A
  1. postural hypotension
  2. atropine-like side effects
  3. weight gain
  4. CNS stimulation
    • restlessness
    • insomnia
    • hallucinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What effect do tyramine-containing products have when taken with MAOIs?

A

Severe hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which drug class do the following belong to?

  • fluoxetine
  • citalopram
  • paroxetine
  • setraline
A

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 3 of the SE’s of SSRI’s?

A
  • hyponatraemia
  • GIT bleeding
  • QT prolongation
  • serotonin syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is serotonin syndrome?

A

Excess serotonergic activity on the CNS due to OD of certain therapeutic drugs e.g. SSRIs

S&S:

  • headaches
  • confusion
  • shivering
  • sweating
  • hyperthermia
  • tachycardia
  • D&V
  • hyperreflexia
  • myoconus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mechanism of SSRI induced hyponatraemia?

A
  • causes SIADH
  • more ADH is released causing retention of water
  • low sodium (hyponatraemia) due to increased fluid vol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which drugs should be avoided with SSRIs given the increased risk of GIT bleeding?

A

Antiocoagulants, warfarin and NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 common SEs of SSRIs

(5 listed)

A
  • nausea
  • anorexia
  • insomnia
  • GI disturbances
  • loss of libido and failure to orgasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are SSRIs contraindicated?

A

In people under 18 years - increased risk of self harm and suicidal thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the risk of prescribing MAOIs and SSRIs together?

A

Drug interaction - may precipitate serotonin syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which drug has a short half life and can therefor be stopped suddenly?

A

Fluoxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of antidepressants are Mirtazepine and Trazodone?

A

Non selective serotonin receptor blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which drug has a sedative effect as it blocks H2 receptors?

  1. mirtazapine
  2. trazodone
A
  1. Mirtazapine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which one has an action similar to TCAs?

  1. Mirtazapine
  2. Trazodone
A

Trazodone

(Mirtazapine increases the release of NA and 5-HT)

23
Q

Which TCA has a very narrow therapeutic index? (i.e. increased risk of death upon OD)

  • Amitriptylin
  • Imipramine
  • Dusolepin
A

Dusolepin

24
Q

At which dose does Vanlafaxine inhibit the reuptake of NA as well as serotonin?

A

>150mg

25
Q

Which group of antodepressants should be given to treat major/severe depressive disorders?

A

Non selective serotonin inhibitors

  • venlafaxine
  • duloxetine
26
Q

When should cross-tapering of antidepressant be done?

A

When swapping antidepressants

27
Q

Name 2 substances used to augment the effect of antidepressants

A
  • lithium
  • antipsychotics
  • more antidepressants
  • benzos
28
Q

What are the following e.g’s of?

  • aripipralone
  • olanzapine
  • quetiapine
  • risperidone
A

Anipsychotics

29
Q

What are benzos used to treat?

A

Insomnia/anxiety

30
Q

What type of benzos are the following?

  • temazepam
  • nitrazepam
  • zopiclione
  • zolpidem
  • zaleplon
A

Hypnotics - to treat insomnia

31
Q

What type of benzos are the following?

  • diazepam
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • lorazepam
  • oxazepam
A

Anxiolytics

32
Q

What is the MOA of benzos?

A
  • binds to GABAA receptor
  • –> opens chloride chanel
  • –> increases the inhibitory effect if GABA
  • = sedation
33
Q

What are the indications for use of benzos?

A

When the anxiety is severe and disabling

34
Q

Why should benzos only be used short term?

A

Problem with dependence and tolerance - difficult to reduce the dose due to the withdrawal symtpoms

35
Q

Name 3 SE’s of benzos

(5 listed)

A
  • drowsiness and falls
  • impaired judgement and dexterity
  • increased risk of RTAs
  • forgetfulness/confusion/irritability
  • aggression and parodoxical dis-inhibition
36
Q

Which is the main exitatory NT in the CNS?

A

Glutamate

37
Q

What is the effect when glutamate receptors are blocked in the CNS?

A

Sedation

38
Q

What is the main inhibitory NT in the CNS?

A

GABA

39
Q

Which enzymes are involved in converting mopped up GABA into glutamine in the glial cells?

GABA –> Glutamate –> glutamine

A
  • Gaba transaminase
  • Glutamine synthetase
40
Q

What are the effects when GABA receptors are enhanced e.g. by lorazepam?

A

sedation

41
Q

Where in the CNS does glycine act mostly?

A
  • brainstem
  • spinal cord
42
Q

Is glycine exitatory/inhibitory?

A

inhibitory

43
Q

Where in the CNS is serotonin produced?

A

Raphe nuclei in the brainstem

44
Q

Which receptor does the antiemetic ondansetron block?

A

5HT3

45
Q

Where outside the CNS is there a vast storage of serotonin?

A
  • enterochromaffin cells in the GIT
  • excess causes D&V
46
Q

Where in the CNS is the vomit centre found?

A

Area postrema in the base of the 4th ventricle

47
Q

Which NT acts upon the vomit centre?

A

Serotonin

48
Q

Why do people tend to feel nauseous during chemo?

A
  • enterochromaffin cells in the GIT are sensitive to the chemo and lyse which releases their contents –> release of serotonin
  • increased serotonin picked up in the vomit centre in the area postrema in the base of the 4th ventricle
49
Q

Where in the brain is ACh synthesised?

A
  • basal forebrain
  • brainstem tegmentum
50
Q

What is the main NT of the ANS?

A

ACh

51
Q

Where is dopamine produced (apart from substantia nigra)?

A

Ventral tegmental area

52
Q

Which is the main exitatory NT in the CNS?

A

glutamate

53
Q

What is effect of blocking glutamate receptors?

A

sedation

JG Year 1 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions