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JG Year 1 > 110 Peripheral neuropathy > Flashcards

110 Peripheral neuropathy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the potential difference across a nereve cell membrane?

A

-65mV

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2
Q

What is the MOA of lidocaine?

A
  • inhibits the fast-gated voltage sodium channels
  • stops AP signal propogation
  • no AP in post synaptic neurone
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3
Q

What is Dale’s principle?

A

A single nerve makes a single NT

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4
Q

Which receptors are found in the post-synaptic neurones in the SNS?

A
  • nicotinic
  • adrenergic
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5
Q

What are the 2 main NTs of the SNS?

A
  • ACh
  • NA
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6
Q

In which division of the ANS does ACh act upon muscarinic receptors?

A
  • parasympathetic postganglionic neurones in target organs
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7
Q

Which division of the ANS are noradrenergic receptors found?

A

Sympathetic neurones - target organs

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8
Q

What type of drugs are muscarine and pilocarpine?

A

Muscarine receptor agonists

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9
Q

What type of drug is atropine?

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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10
Q

WHere are α-1 adrenergic receptors found?

(4 listed)

A
  • vascular SM
  • papillary dilator muscle
  • prostate
  • heart
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11
Q

What effects to phenyleprine and methoxamine have on α-1 adrenergic receptors?

A

Agonists - e.g. to treat hypotension

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12
Q

Where are α2 adrenergic receptors found?

(4 listed)

A
  • platelets
  • SM
  • nerve terminals
  • adipocytes
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13
Q

What type of drug is yohimbine?

A

α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist - used to treat impotence

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14
Q

What type of drugs are isoproterenol and salbutamol?

A

β2 agonists

  • increase HR
  • increase cardiac output
  • bronchiol SM relaxation
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15
Q

Clonidine and guanfacine are used to treat HTN - which receptors do they act on?

A

α-2 agonists

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16
Q

What kind of drugs are:

  • timonolol
  • propanolol
  • bisoprolol
A
  • β antagonists
  • bisoprolol selectively blocks catecholamine stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle
  • –> reduction of HR, CO, systolic and diastolic BP
17
Q

Neosigmine and pyrostigmine = ACh esterase inhibitors

What disease are they used to treat?

A

Myasthenia gravis

18
Q

Which NT do the following affect?

  • reserpine
  • cocaine
  • aphetamines
  • parglycine
A

NA

19
Q

What is Frey syndrome?

A
  • Disorder of the ANS
  • pts sweat from focal area on cheek instead of salivating
  • inappropriate regeneration of damaged nerves following damage
20
Q

What are the S&S in Carpal Tunnel syndrome?

A
  • pain causing nocturnal waking
  • thenar eminence wasting
  • numbness and pain in thumb, index, middle and half of ring finger in affected hand
21
Q

What is the cause of Carpal Tunnel?

A

Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the transverse carpal ligament

22
Q

Which nerve is affected in Saturday night palsy?

A

Radial nerve - wrist drop characteristic sign

23
Q

What is used to treat Guillan Barre?

A
  • plasma exchange
  • IV Ig’s
  • speed up revovery but doesn’t improve overall outcome
24
Q

What do gabapentin, pregabalin and amitriptyline have in common?

A

Drugs used to treat nerve pain

25
Q

What kind of neuropathy is Meralgia parasthesia?

A
  • Mononeuropathy
  • loss of sensation to the anterolateral part of the thigh
  • compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
26
Q

What causes Charcot Marie Tooth syndrome?

A

Demyelination of peripheral nerves due to genetic mutation of Schwann cells

27
Q

What type of nerve injury is Wallarian degeneration?

A
  • axonopathy
  • degeneration of axons distal to injury
  • clinical presentation
    • focal ischaemia
    • vasculitis
28
Q

In which type of diseases does distal axonal degradation happen?

A
  • DM
  • alcoholism
  • HIV

i.e. chronic diseases

29
Q

When is regeneration not possible in distal axonol degeneration?

(3 listed)

A
  • if cell body is damaged
  • if the neuropathic injury is irreversible
  • if stress on the nerve isn’t removed
30
Q

What is polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Vasculitis of small arteries due to attack of rogue immune cells - causes vasculitic neuropathy

31
Q

What kind of syndrome is Lambert Eaton Myasthenic syndrome?

A
  • NMJ disorder
  • ABs against Ca2+ channels
  • affect ACh release

Associated with SSLC (small cell lung cancer)

Typically weakness in arms and legs

32
Q

What is the autoimmune component of Myasthenia Gravis?

A
  • ABs against ACh receptor
  • i.e. NMJ disorder
    • muscle weakness
33
Q

How is the NMJ damaged in Myasthenia Gravis?

A
  • autoimmune reaction
  • ABs present ACh receptors to mactophages
  • they internalise the receptors –> damage
34
Q

What are the possible treatments for MG?

A
  • IV IG’s
  • plasma exchange
  • Ach esterase inhibitors (non selective - cause GIT symptoms)
  • immunosuppression to allow NMJs to repair
35
Q

Which channels are not switched off in neuromyotonia?

A

K+

JG Year 1 (27 decks)

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