122 Biliary and pancreatic function Flashcards
Which cells of the pancreas produce bicarbonate?
Duct cells
Which cells of the pancreas make trypsin?
Acinar cells
Which hormones to the islet cells of the pancreas secrete? (4 listed)
- insulin
- glucagon
- pancreatic polypeptide
- somatostatin
Which parasympathetic nerves are found in the sensory duodenum?
Vagal sensory nerves
Name the 2 main bile acids
- Cholic acid
- chenocholic acid
What is the daily dietary intake of lipids
100g/day
Name the 2 essential acids required by the body
- linoleic acid
- linolenic acid
What reaction does cholesterol esterase catalyse?
Cholesterol ester –> FA’s and cholesterol
Which enzyme catalyse the formation of lysolecithin and FA from lecithin?
Phospholipase
Which enzyme optimises lipase activity?
Colipase
Which aa’s do bile acids conjugate with to form bile salts?
- glycine
OR
- taurine
What does 7α-hydroxylase convert cholesterol to?
Cholic acid
Which protein carries bile acids in the portal venous blood?
albumin
How much bile salts are secreted from the liver to the duodenum daily?
15-30g
How much bile salts are synthesised by the liver daily?
0.5g –> this is how much is lost in faeces daily
Where are RBCs degraded?
Reticuloendothelial system in the spleen and liver macrophages
What is the role of heme oxygenase?
Converts heme to bilirubin
Where does lipid soluble unbound bilirubin go to in the body?
Brain
What is the role of bilirubin glucuronyl transferase?
- adds 2 molecules of glucuronic acid to bilirubin making it more soluble
- needs to be conjugated to allow access into hepatocytes
What is stercobilin?
Gives brown discolouration to poo and is oxidised from urobilinogens by intestinal bacteria
What is urobilinogen produced from?
Bilirubin glucuronide
How can the exocrine function of the pancreas be tested?
- serum amylase
- >3 = acute pancreatitis
- Faecal elastase
- Faecal fat
- directly measures pancreatic enzyme activity
Which type of Ca commonly affects the pancreas?
Adenocarcinoma
What does a mutation in cationic trypsinogen gene lead to?
Hereditary pancreatitis - predisposes to pancreatic Ca - adenocarcinoma from ductal cells
Which vitamins are deficient in pancreatic insufficiency?
- A
- D
- E
- K
