12.1 Ethics and Deviance in Sport Flashcards
What is deviance?
unacceptable behaviour within a culture. Any behaviour that differs from the perceived social or legal norm is seen as deviant
What does WADA stand for?
world anti doping agency
What is WADA?
‘founded with the aim of bringing consistency to anti-doping policies and regulations within sport organisation and governments right across the world’
Types of legal supplements?
- caffeine
- creatine
- protein supplements
- BCAA’s
Advantages of legal supplements?
- dietary supplements can help build muscle, increase stamina, control weight
- ergogenic aids claim to increase strength, performance and recovery
- staying hydrated through drinking water of energy drinks can improve and aid performance
Disadvantages of legal supplements?
- some supplements may not be what they seem and could contain banned substances
- health implications over long term use of Creatine supplements
- energy drinks contain high levels of sugar, contributing to obesity and tooth decay
- expensive
Name performance enhancing drugs?
- anabolic steroids
- beta blockers
- stimulants
- anabolic agents
- diuretics
- peptide hormones
- masking agents
What do anabolic steroids do?
allow athletes to train harder for longer
What do beta blockers do?
control heart rate and keep athlete calm
What do stimulants do?
increase alertness
What is blood doping?
- method to increase red blood cell count
- higher volume of haemoglobin
- allow for more oxygen to get to muscles
- remove two pints of blood
- body then creates more
- blood is frozen and then put back in prior to competition
Social consequences of taking performance enhancing drugs
- scoiety seen as corrupt and and citiizens as unethical to win
sporting consequences of performance enhancing drugs?
- concept of fair play is severly challenged
- cheating
- sports become tainted
Performance consequences of sport enhancing drugs ?
- severe dangers to health and wellbeing
- possible death
Why do elite performers take sport enhancing drugs?
- pressure to suceed can affect a perfomers judgement and decision making
- pressure from coaches
- political pressures
- high monetary rewards for winning and lucrative sponcership deals
- some performers think everyone is doing it
What are stratergies to stop doping?
What causes violence in sport?
- desire to win
- nature of the activity (ice hockey)
- rivalries
- media increasing tensions
- poor officiating
- de individualisation
Societal consequences of violance in sport?
- violence can often be reflected in society
- spectators relish violent sports
What are the sporting consequences of violance?
- governing bodies have their own disciplinary processes to ensure non violent behaviour
- playing stratergies to promote violance should be punished
What are performers consequences of violence in sport?
- performers are responsible for their individual actions
- performers need to be aware that they are role models
Strategies to stop violence in sport?
- education of performers, encouraging awareness of their emotions
- punishments; fines, bans, docking points
- encouraging coaches to promote assertion rather than aggression
- law enforcement in spectator violence through CCTV
What are the two types of gambling in sport?
match fixing and spot fixing
What is match fixing?
when sports competition is played to a competition is played to a completely or partly determined event
What is spot fixing?
determining the outcome of a specific part of a match or game
Give an example in history of match fixing?
World Cup. Heading into their final group stage fixture, Germany knew they would require a victory to advance after a shocking 2-1 defeat at the hands of Algeria. Algeria had won their final match against Chile, but a 1-0 Germany win would still see them bounced from the World Cup in favor of Austria.
Give reasons for allowing drugs in sport?
- The audience has an interest in seeing the best performances possible
- Admiration of a sport can even be reduced if the competitors could perform better on drugs
- It is misleading to say it disadvantages poorer teams, because they are already disadvantaged by other factors - equipment, expertise and so on
- Evidence shows that people do not lose interest in sports that are known to be tainted by drugs - viewing figures remain as high as ever
- The rules banning drugs are left over from amateur sport, and irrelevant to professional sport
- We should not stop athletes from taking drugs if they are willing and know the health risks: that’s being paternalistic
- Many of the banned substances have not even been proven to improve performance
-Legalising drugs would save the money currently spent on testing
Drugs testing does not work – it probably catches the innocent more than the guilty
Arguements against allowing drugs in sport?
- It’s the taking part that counts, not the winning
- Drugs are against the spirit of sport, even if the rules don’t ban them
- Many performance-enhancing drugs pose severe health risks
- If drugs are allowed, drug advertising and sponsorship will presumably be allowed
- Allowing drugs promotes unhealthy and dangerous behaviour
