12.1 Ethics and Deviance in Sport

Question 1

What is deviance?

Answer 1

unacceptable behaviour within a culture. Any behaviour that differs from the perceived social or legal norm is seen as deviant

Question 2

What does WADA stand for?

Answer 2

world anti doping agency

Question 3

What is WADA?

Answer 3

‘founded with the aim of bringing consistency to anti-doping policies and regulations within sport organisation and governments right across the world’

Question 4

Types of legal supplements?

Answer 4

• caffeine
• creatine
• protein supplements
• BCAA’s

Question 5

Advantages of legal supplements?

Answer 5

• dietary supplements can help build muscle, increase stamina, control weight
• ergogenic aids claim to increase strength, performance and recovery
• staying hydrated through drinking water of energy drinks can improve and aid performance

Question 6

Disadvantages of legal supplements?

Answer 6

• some supplements may not be what they seem and could contain banned substances
• health implications over long term use of Creatine supplements
• energy drinks contain high levels of sugar, contributing to obesity and tooth decay
• expensive

Question 7

Name performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 7

• anabolic steroids
• beta blockers
• stimulants
• anabolic agents
• diuretics
• peptide hormones
• masking agents

Question 8

What do anabolic steroids do?

Answer 8

allow athletes to train harder for longer

Question 9

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 9

control heart rate and keep athlete calm

Question 10

What do stimulants do?

Answer 10

increase alertness

Question 11

What is blood doping?

Answer 11

• method to increase red blood cell count
• higher volume of haemoglobin
• allow for more oxygen to get to muscles
• remove two pints of blood
• body then creates more
• blood is frozen and then put back in prior to competition

Question 12

Social consequences of taking performance enhancing drugs

Answer 12

• scoiety seen as corrupt and and citiizens as unethical to win

Question 13

sporting consequences of performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 13

• concept of fair play is severly challenged
• cheating
• sports become tainted

Question 14

Performance consequences of sport enhancing drugs ?

Answer 14

• severe dangers to health and wellbeing

- possible death

Question 15

Why do elite performers take sport enhancing drugs?

Answer 15

• pressure to suceed can affect a perfomers judgement and decision making
• pressure from coaches
• political pressures
• high monetary rewards for winning and lucrative sponcership deals
• some performers think everyone is doing it

Question 16

What are stratergies to stop doping?

Question 17

What causes violence in sport?

Answer 17

• desire to win
• nature of the activity (ice hockey)
• rivalries
• media increasing tensions
• poor officiating
• de individualisation

Question 18

Societal consequences of violance in sport?

Answer 18

• violence can often be reflected in society

- spectators relish violent sports

Question 19

What are the sporting consequences of violance?

Answer 19

• governing bodies have their own disciplinary processes to ensure non violent behaviour
• playing stratergies to promote violance should be punished

Question 20

What are performers consequences of violence in sport?

Answer 20

• performers are responsible for their individual actions

- performers need to be aware that they are role models

Question 21

Strategies to stop violence in sport?

Answer 21

• education of performers, encouraging awareness of their emotions
• punishments; fines, bans, docking points
• encouraging coaches to promote assertion rather than aggression
• law enforcement in spectator violence through CCTV

Question 22

What are the two types of gambling in sport?

Answer 22

match fixing and spot fixing

Question 23

What is match fixing?

Answer 23

when sports competition is played to a competition is played to a completely or partly determined event

Question 24

What is spot fixing?

Answer 24

determining the outcome of a specific part of a match or game

Question 25

Give an example in history of match fixing?

Answer 25

World Cup. Heading into their final group stage fixture, Germany knew they would require a victory to advance after a shocking 2-1 defeat at the hands of Algeria. Algeria had won their final match against Chile, but a 1-0 Germany win would still see them bounced from the World Cup in favor of Austria.

Question 26

Give reasons for allowing drugs in sport?

Answer 26

• The audience has an interest in seeing the best performances possible
• Admiration of a sport can even be reduced if the competitors could perform better on drugs
• It is misleading to say it disadvantages poorer teams, because they are already disadvantaged by other factors - equipment, expertise and so on
• Evidence shows that people do not lose interest in sports that are known to be tainted by drugs - viewing figures remain as high as ever
• The rules banning drugs are left over from amateur sport, and irrelevant to professional sport
• We should not stop athletes from taking drugs if they are willing and know the health risks: that’s being paternalistic
• Many of the banned substances have not even been proven to improve performance
  -Legalising drugs would save the money currently spent on testing
  Drugs testing does not work – it probably catches the innocent more than the guilty

Question 27

Arguements against allowing drugs in sport?

Answer 27

• It’s the taking part that counts, not the winning
• Drugs are against the spirit of sport, even if the rules don’t ban them
• Many performance-enhancing drugs pose severe health risks
• If drugs are allowed, drug advertising and sponsorship will presumably be allowed
• Allowing drugs promotes unhealthy and dangerous behaviour