11. Glossary

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

motivation: the internal and external factors that stimulate the desire in workers to be continually interested in, and committed to, doing a job well.

Question 1

Self-actualisation

Answer 1

sense of self-fulfilment reached by feeling enriched and developed by what one has learned and achieved.

Question 2

Motivating factors

Answer 2

aspects of a worker’s job that can lead to positive job satisfaction, such as achievement, recognition, meaningful and interesting work, responsibility, and advancement at work.

Question 3

Hygiene factors

Answer 3

aspects of a worker’s job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction, such as pay, working conditions, status and over-supervision by managers.

Question 4

Hygiene factors

Answer 4

aspects of a worker’s job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction, such as pay, working conditions, status and over-supervision by managers.

Question 5

Job enrichment

Answer 5

aims to use the full capabilities of workers by giving them the opportunity to do more challenging and fulfilling work.

Question 6

Time-based wage rate

Answer 6

payment to a worker made for each period of time worked (e.g. one hour).

Question 7

Salary

Answer 7

annual income that is usually paid on a monthly basis.

Question 8

Comission

Answer 8

payment to a salesperson for each sale made.

Question 9

Bonus

Answer 9

payment made in addition to the contracted wage or salary.

Question 10

Performance related pay

Answer 10

bonus scheme to reward employees for above-average work performance.

Question 11

Profit sharing

Answer 11

bonus for employees based on the profits of the business, usually paid as a proportion of basic salary.

Question 12

Share ownership scheme

Answer 12

scheme that gives employees shares in the company they work for or allows them to buy those shares at a discount.

Question 13

Fringe benefits

Answer 13

benefits given, separate from pay, by an employer to some or all employees.

Question 14

Job rotation

Answer 14

scheme that allows employees to switch from one job to another.

Question 15

Job enlargement

Answer 15

attempt to increase the scope of a job by broadening or deepening the tasks undertaken.

Question 16

Job redesgin

Answer 16

the restructuring of a job to make the work more interesting, satisfying and challenging.

Question 17

Employee promotion

Answer 17

the advancement of an employee within a business to a higher level of responsibility and status.

Question 18

Employee status

Answer 18

the level of recognition offered by an employer to a worker in terms of pay, level of responsibility and benefits.

Question 19

Employee participation

Answer 19

active encouragement of employees to become involved in decision-making within an organisation.

Question 20

Teamworking

Answer 20

production is organised so that groups of workers undertake complete units of work.

Question 21

Empowerment

Answer 21

the giving of skills, resources, authority and opportunity to employees so that they can take decisions and be accountable for their work.

Question 22

Quality circle

Answer 22

voluntary group of workers who meet regularly to discuss, and try to resolve, work-related problems and issues.