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Neuroscience > 10c: Cortex III (Extrastriate) > Flashcards

10c: Cortex III (Extrastriate) Flashcards

1
Q

Parvocellular cells project to (X) and magnocellular cells project to (Y).

A 
X = parvocellular layers of LGN
Y = magnocellular layers of LGN and superior colliculus
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2
Q

Magnocellular LGN cells project to (X) layers of (Y) cortex.

A 
X = 4C(alpha) 
Y = primary visual
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3
Q

Parvocellular LGN cells project to (X) layers of (Y) cortex.

A 
X = 4C(beta) 
Y = primary visual
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4
Q

Neurons in layer 4C(beta) of (X) cortex receive signals from (Y) and project to (Z).

A 
X = primary visual
Y = Parvocellular LGN neurons
Z = blob and interblob regions
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5
Q

Blob regions eventually receive signals from (parvocellular/magnocellular) cells. What do these regions process?

A

Parvocellular;

Form perception

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6
Q

Interblob regions eventually receive signals from (parvocellular/magnocellular) cells. What do these regions process?

A

Parvocellular;

Color

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7
Q

Blobs project to (X)-placed cortical regions. Interblobs project to (Y)-placed cortical regions.

A

X = Y = ventrally

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8
Q

There’s a high concentration of (Parvocellular/Magnocellular) cells close to fovea.

A

Parvocellular

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9
Q

(Parvocellular/Magnocellular) cells have sustained response to visual stimuli.

A

Parvocellular

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10
Q

Parvocellular layers of (X) are the (ventral/dorsal) (2/4) layers.

A

X = LGN;

Dorsal 4 layers

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11
Q

Magnocellular layers of (X) are the (ventral/dorsal) (2/4) layers.

A

X = MGN;

Ventral 2 layers

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12
Q

(X) radiations forming Meyer’s loop travel to (superior/inferior) (Y) quadrants.

A

X = optic;
Inferior;
Y = retinal

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13
Q

The stripe of Gennari is a (minimally/heavily)-myelinated stripe in Layer (X) of (Y).

A

Heavily;
X = 4B
Y = striate/primary visual cortex

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14
Q

The “globs” and “interglobs” are found in which layer(s), respectively, within (X) structure?

A

Both in layers 2/3 of

X = striate/primary visual cortex

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15
Q

4C(alpha) layer of (X) receives signals specifically from (Y). The neurons then project to (Z).

A 
X = primary visual/striate cortex
Y = Magnocellular layer of LGN
Z = Layer 4B of striate cortex
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16
Q

Extrastriate cortex is Brodmann area(s):

A

18 and 19

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17
Q

T/F: Extrastriate areas process the different aspects of the visual scene.

A

True

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18
Q

V(X) is/are extrastriate cortices.

A

X = 2-5

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19
Q

Damage to human analogue of V(1/4/5), a(n) (X) cortex, causes deficits in color perception. This condition is called (Y).

A

V4;
X = extrastriate
Y = cerebral achromatopsia

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20
Q

Damage to human analogue of V(1/4/5), a(n) (X) cortex, causes deficits in motion discrimination. This condition is called (Y)

A

V5;
X = extrastriate
Y = cerebral akinetopsia

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21
Q

T/F: Cerebral achromatopsia is nearly identical to color blindness.

A

False - it’s a disconnection of color from cognition

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22
Q

Motion is detected in “freeze frames” in which condition?

A

Cerebral akinetopsia

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23
Q

Cytochrome oxidase staining of extrastriate cortex (X) reveals (homogenous/heterogenous) layers.

A

X = V2

Hetergenous

24
Q

While some processing occurs in extrastriate cortex (X), it’s largely considered a relay area.

A

X = V2

25
Q

List projections of “what”, aka (X), stream.

A

X = ventral;

  1. V1
  2. V2
  3. V4
26
Q

List projections of “where”, aka (X), stream.

A

X = dorsal;

  1. V1
  2. V2
  3. MT
27
Q

Damage to (X) cortex and (Y) stream causes visuospatial neglect to (ipsilateral/bilateral/contralateral) visual space.

A 
X = parietal;
Y = dorsal (where)

Contralateral

28
Q

Downstream from (X) extrastriate cortex is the (Y) cortex. It has cells with complex visual stimulus requirements for activation (i.e. faces).

A 
X = V4;
Y = Infratemporal
29
Q

Infratemporal cortex has (small/medium/large) receptive fields.

A

Huge

30
Q

Damages to infratemporal cortex produces (simple/complex) deficits in (X).

A

Complex;

Object recognition and salience

31
Q

In humans, damage to part of (X) produces prosopagnosia.

A

X = fusiform gyrus

32
Q

T/F: Ventral and dorsal streams always project to different structures.

A

False

33
Q

High level signals of objects/their location are sent from (dorsal/ventral) stream to which specific brain structure(s)?

A

Both streams;

  1. Hippocampus
  2. Prefrontal cortex
  3. Limbic system
34
Q

Premotor cortex is involved in which function(s)?

A

Planning of motor programs

35
Q

Prefrontal cortex involved in which function(s)?

A

Planning (abstract), intention, motivation

36
Q

List some non-specific signs of frontal lobe damage.

A
  1. Lack of inhibitory control
  2. Lack of motivation/intent/planning
  3. Inappropriate behavior
  4. Personality change
37
Q

Damage to (X) causes “pie in the sky”, aka deficit in (ipsilateral/contralateral/bilateral) (Y).

A

X = meyer’s loop
Contralateral;
Y = upper visual hemifield

38
Q

Damage to (X) causes deficit in (ipsilateral/contralateral/bilateral) lower visual hemifield.

A

X = caudal parietal or rostral occipital lobes

Contralateral

39
Q

Sounds are associated with meaningful content in (X) area. This information is then sent to (Y) lobe via (Z).

A 
X = Wernicke's
Y = frontal
Z = arcuate fasciculus
40
Q

Macular sparing is sometimes seen in (X) condition. Which portion (Y) is healthy/intact?

A

X = homonymous hemianopia;
Caudal portion of
Y = calcarine sulcus

41
Q

Weakness in muscles/sensory for lower limb is indicative of damage to (medial/lateral) portion of respective cortices.

A

Medial

42
Q

Middle cerebral artery initially divides into:

A

Superior and inferior divisions

43
Q

T/F: Reading is impaired in Wernicke’s aphasia.

A

True

44
Q

What’s global aphasia?

A

Damage to both Wernicke and Broca areas

45
Q

Fibers traveling to superior bank of calcarine sulcus carry signals from (superior/inferior) visual field and travel under (X) lobe to get there.

A

Inferior;

X = parietal

46
Q

Fibers traveling to inferior bank of calcarine sulcus carry signals from (superior/inferior) visual field and travel under (X) lobe to get there.

A

Superior;

X = temporal

47
Q

Symptoms with stroke to L PCA.

A

R homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

48
Q

Symptoms with stroke to R PCA.

A

L homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

49
Q

Symptoms with stroke to L Superior MCA.

A
  1. UMN signs for R face/arm

2. Broca’s

50
Q

Symptoms with stroke to R Superior MCA.

A
  1. UMN signs for L face/arm
51
Q

Symptoms with stroke to L Inferior MCA.

A
  1. R sensory loss
  2. R hemianopia, denser in superior quadrant (PITS)
  3. Wernicke’s
52
Q

Symptoms with stroke to R Inferior MCA.

A
  1. L sensory loss
  2. L PITS
  3. Hemineglect
53
Q

Symptoms with stroke to L MCA at stem.

A
  1. R homonymous hemianopia
  2. R paralysis (hemiplegia) and loss of touch (hemianesthesia)
  3. Global aphasia
54
Q

Symptoms with stroke to R MCA at stem.

A
  1. L homonymous hemianopia
  2. L paralysis (hemiplegia) and loss of touch (hemianesthesia)
  3. Hemineglect
55
Q

Symptoms with stroke to L ACA.

A
  1. R UMN signs for leg
  2. Sensory loss for R leg
  3. Frontal signs
56
Q

Symptoms with stroke to R ACA.

A
  1. L UMN signs for leg
  2. Sensory loss for L leg
  3. Frontal signs

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