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Neuroscience > 10b: Cortex II (Development) > Flashcards

10b: Cortex II (Development) Flashcards

1
Q

Which foramen connects lateral ventricles to the subsequent (X) ventricle?

A

X = third

Foramen of Monro

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2
Q

During development, the hemispheres first grow/expand in which direction(s) to form (X) lobe?

A

Forward

X = frontal lobe

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3
Q

During development, the hemispheres grow/expand upward/laterally to form (X) lobe/area?

A

X = parietal

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4
Q

During development, the hemispheres grow/expand posteriorly to form (X) lobe/area?

A

X = occipital

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5
Q

During development, the hemispheres grow/expand inferiorly to form (X) lobe/area?

A

X = temporal

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6
Q

The temporal lobe is marked during development by indentation called (X), which grows backwards. Inside the area of (X) is the future (Y).

A 
X = lateral fissure;
Y = insula
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7
Q

List the commissures that appear during development, in the order which they appear.

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Commissure of fornix
  3. Corpus callosum
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8
Q

The anterior commissure connects:

A

Olfactory bulb and portions of temporal lobes

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9
Q

The thin wall of hemispheres extending vertically from corpus callosum to (X) is called (Y).

A 
X = fornix
Y = septum pellucidum
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10
Q

T/F: Neuro-epithleium of cerebral hemispheres is much like the epithelium of rest of neural tube.

A

True

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11
Q

Neuroepithelium of cerebral hemispheres is (single/multi)-layered (X) type of epithelium.

A

Single;

X = pseudo stratified

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12
Q

Neuroepithelium of cerebral hemispheres has zones that differ based on:

A

Density of cells within zone

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13
Q

The marginal zone of cerebral hemisphere is near (X) and is cell-(sparse/dense).

A

X = the pia

Sparse

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14
Q

The ventricular zone of cerebral hemisphere is near (X) and is cell-(sparse/dense).

A

X = ventricles

Dense

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15
Q

The (marginal/ventricular) zone of neuro-epithelium consists of (X) cells, which eventually divide/differentiate to generate (Y) of cortex.

A

Ventricular;
X = neuroblasts;
Y = pyramidal neurons and glia

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16
Q

Cerebral cortex development: A dividing (X) translocates its nucleus through cytoplasm from (Y) to (Z).

A 
X = neuroblast;
Y = ventricular margin
Z = marginal zone

Then back to ventricular margin

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17
Q

Cerebral cortex development: The (X) cell divides at which border/zone?

A

X = neuroblast;

At ventricular margin

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18
Q

Cerebral cortex development: If plane of (X) during cell division is vertical, aka (symmetrical/asymmetrical) division, what’s the fate of the daughter cells?

A

X = cleavage;
Symmetrical;
Both will become neuroblasts OR neurons

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19
Q

Neural precursors initially divide (symmetrically/asymmetrically). Gradually, the percent of (symmetrical/asymmetrical) divisions increases.

A

Asymmetrically; symmetrical

20
Q

Cerebral cortex development: If plane of (X) during cell division is horizontal, aka (symmetrical/asymmetrical) division, what’s the fate of the daughter cells?

A

X = cleavage;
Asymmetrical;

One will be neuroblast, the other a neuron/glial cell

21
Q

Newly generated neurons migrate on (X) to (Y) surface, where they accumulate in a layer of cells called (Z).

A 
X = radial glial fibers;
Y = pial
Z = cortical plate
22
Q

First neuroblasts to differentiate will do so to become (X) cells.

A

X = radial glia

23
Q

The most recently generate neurons are located at (base/superficial surface) of cortical plate.

A

Superficial surface

24
Q

During development, cortical plate will become widely separated from (X) zone via formation of (Y) zone. This is due to (growth/invasion) of axons.

A 
X = ventricular
Y = intermediate

Both! Growth of cortical plate axons and invasion of thalamic axons

25
Q

The intermediate zone of the developing cortex will eventually become:

A

Subcortical white matter

26
Q

During cortical development, migration of neurons differs based on which characteristic?

A

Whether they’re excitatory or inhibitory

27
Q

Inhibitory neurons undergo (X) migration, traveling on (Y) cells.

A 
X = tangential (neurophilic);
Y = other neurons
28
Q

Excitatory neurons undergo (X) migration, traveling on (Y) cells.

A 
X = radial (gliophilic);
Y = radial glial
29
Q

T/F: Cell generation/differentiation of cortex continues postnatally.

30
Q

T/F: The cortical plate persists in adults.

A

False - becomes neocortex (cells in layers 2-6)

31
Q

Fate of ventricular zone of cortex in adult.

A

Becomes ependymal layer and sub-ventricular zone

32
Q

When neuronal migration is complete, many radial glia transform into (X).

A

X = astrocytes

33
Q

The migrating neurons are (unipolar/bipolar) in form. They send out branches to form (dendrites/local plexuses) first.

A

Bipolar;

Both simultaneously

34
Q

During development of cortex, there’s extensive (over/under)-production of (X), which are then “pruned” (before/after) birth.

A

Over;
X = synapses;
After

35
Q

T/F: There are many abnormal axonal projections during development.

A

True - subject to pruning

36
Q

T/F: Association cortices are located immediately adjacent to their respectful primary areas.

37
Q

All association areas adjacent to the primary areas are (unimodal/multimodal). The information is then transmitted to (unimodal/multimodal) (X) areas.

A

Unimodal;
Multimodal;
X = association

38
Q

The Protomap theory proposes that:

A

Fate of neurons is determined very early, prior to migration into cortex

39
Q

The Protocortex theory proposes that:

A

Cortical areas become specified as consequence of other factors (i.e. thalamic input)

40
Q

The (X) theory suggests that a “map” of cortical areas is programmed within the neurons.

A

X = protomap

41
Q

Ocular dominance columns receiving input from deprived eye become more narrow than those receiving input from functional eye. This supports (protomap/protocortex) theory.

A

Protocortex

42
Q

Radical rewiring describes which phenomenon? It supports the (protomap/protocortex) theory.

A

Protocortex;

Cortex that would normally subserve one sensory function can assume a completely different role (in radical situation)

43
Q

List the potential methods by which the number of cortical areas can expand.

A
  1. Existing areas subdivide
  2. New area appears and is maintained due to evolutionary advantage
  3. New association cortex/area added onto existing cortex
44
Q

(Neuro/glio)-genesis peaks first, so most (X) cells generated late in development, from (Y) zone.

A

Neurogenesis;
X = glial
Y = subventricular

45
Q

T/F: Glial cells continue to be produced throughout life.

46
Q

T/F: Myelination is complete in the second year of life in humans.

A

False - not until early adulthood

47
Q

T/F: Neurogenesis has stopped postnatally.

A

False - continues through year 2 in humans

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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