01a: Neuroanatomy Intro

Question 1

List the major neuron types, distinguished on basis of (X). Star the most common type.

Answer 1

X = morphology;

1. Bipolar
2. Psudo-unipolar
3. Multipolar*

Question 2

T/F: All signals traveling through neurons are in form of action potentials.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

T/F: Action potentials are not produced in Bipolar Neurons.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Bipolar neurons are primarily found in which human structure(s)?

Answer 4

1. Retina

2. Olfactory bulb

Question 5

True unipolar neurons are primarily found in which human structure(s)?

Answer 5

None - not found in humans

Question 6

Psuedo-unipolar neurons are primarily found in which human structure(s)?

Answer 6

Sensory ganglia (DRG, CN, etc.)

Question 7

(X) neuron type is specialized for transmission of electrical signals.

Answer 7

X = pseudo-unipolar

Question 8

List pseudo-unipolar neuron process(es) and their associations. Star those with morphology like axon. Put an (M) next to those that are myelinated.

Answer 8

1. Input (peripheral receptor)* (M)

2. Output (CNS)* (M)

Question 9

T/F: Multipolar neurons have multiple axons and dendrites.

Answer 9

False - multiple dendrites, one axon

Question 10

There is/are typically (X) number of NT associated with any one neuron.

Answer 10

X = one

Question 11

List the main excitatory NT.

Answer 11

1. Glutamate

2. Aspartate

Question 12

List the main inhibitory NT.

Answer 12

1. GABA

2. Glycine

Question 13

List anatomical characteristics of excitatory synapse (as seen by EM).

Answer 13

1. Wide cleft
2. (Excitatory)
3. Asymmetric density in pre/post-synaptic membranes
4. Round vesicles

Question 14

List anatomical characteristics of inhibitory synapse (as seen by EM).

Answer 14

1. Pleomorphic (oval) vesicles
2. (Inhibitory)
3. Narrow cleft
4. Symmetric density in pre/post-synaptic membranes

Question 15

Asymmetry in (excitatory/inhibitory) neurons refers to:

Answer 15

Excitatory;

Post-synaptic membrane more dense than pre-synaptic membrane

Question 16

Axons of (X) contribute to named tracts (i.e. corticospinal).

Answer 16

X = relay cells

Question 17

Axons of (X) tend to stay within vicinity of parent cell body. They’re typically (excitatory/inhibitory).

Answer 17

X = interneurons

Inhibitory

Question 18

R cerebral hemisphere processes sensory info from (R/L) side of body and produces motor commands to (R/L) side muscles.

Answer 18

L; L

Question 19

R cerebellar lobe processes sensory info from (R/L) side of body.

Answer 19

R

Question 20

Thalamus relays information to:

Answer 20

Cerebral cortex

Question 21

Funiculi refers to:

Answer 21

Area of SC white matter that contains a number of different pathways

Question 22

Fasciculi refers to:

Answer 22

Grouped axons from given nucleus that travel together

Question 23

Lemnisci refers to:

Answer 23

Grouped axons from given nucleus that travel together