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Neuroscience > 10a: Cortex I (Architectonics) > Flashcards

10a: Cortex I (Architectonics) Flashcards

1
Q

The limbic lobe includes which structures? Star the one that encircles (X).

A
  1. Cingulate gyrus*
  2. Parahippocampal gyrus*

X = diencephalon

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2
Q

Cortex surface area is greatest in (mouse/monkey/human).

A

Human

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3
Q

The cerebral cortex can be separated into which basic type(s)? List the most abundant of these.

A
  1. Neocortex*

2. Allocortex

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4
Q

In humans, the neocortex accounts for (X)% of the cortex.

A

X = 90

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5
Q

Neocortex has how many layers?

A

6

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6
Q

T/F: Both allocortex and neocortex have 6 layers of nerve cells.

A

False - allocortex has less

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7
Q

Hippocampus is considered (neocortex/allocortex).

A

Allocortex

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8
Q

Most abundant cell type in cerebral cortex is (X), primarily found in which layer(s) of neocortex?

A

X = pyramidal cells;

Layers 2, 3, 5, 6

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9
Q

The long, (ascending/descending) apical dendrite of (X) cell passes through cortex to reach layer (Y) and form its apical (Z).

A

Ascending;
X = pyramidal;
Y = 1
Z = tuft

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10
Q

In pyramidal cells, (apical/basal/both/neither) dendrites are covered in dendritic spines.

A

Both

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11
Q

T/F: Pyramidal cells are main projection neurons of cerebral cortex.

A

True

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12
Q

Pyramidal cells of cortex have (X) number of axons, with extensive (Y) to contact neurons in (adjacent/subsequent) cortical columns.

A

X = 1
Y = collateral arbors;
Adjacent (within same cortical area)

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13
Q

Pyramidal cells are (excitatory/inhibitory) and use which NT(s)?

A

Excitatory;

Glu (primarily) and some Asp

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14
Q

(X) cells are just like pyramidal cells, but lack (Y). They’re (excitatory/inhibitory).

A

X = spiny stellate;
Y = apical dendrites;
Excitatory

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15
Q

T/F: Spiny stellate cells lack dendritic spines.

A

False - possess many dendritic spines

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16
Q

The non-pyramidal (excitatory/inhibitory) neurons in cortex primarily use which NT(s)?

A

Inhibitory;

GABA

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17
Q

Non-pyramidal neurons are found in which layer(s) of cortex?

A

All

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18
Q

(Pyramidal/non-pyramidal) cells are referred to as “local circuit” neurons and make up about (X)% of neuronal population in cerebral cortex.

A

Non-pyramidal;

X = 20

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19
Q

Many (pyramidal/non-pyramidal) cells also contain peptides and (X)-binding proteins.

A

Non-pyramidal;

X = Ca

20
Q

(X) stain shows characteristics of cell bodies within cerebral cortex.

A

X = Nissl

21
Q

Neocortex Layer 1, aka (X) layer, contains primarily (Y) with (few/many) neurons.

A

X = molecular;
Y = apical tufts of pyramidal cells (and axons that they terminate on);
Few

22
Q

Neocortex Layers 2/3 contain predominantly (small/large) (X) cells.

A

Small and medium;

X = pyramidal

23
Q

Neocortex Layer 4 characterized by (X) cells.

A

X = small spiny stellate or pyramidal

24
Q

Neocortex Layer 5 characterized by (X) cells.

A

X = large pyramidal

25
Q

Neocortex Layer 6A characterized by (X) cells.

A

X = small or medium pyramidal

26
Q

Neocortex Layer 6B characterized by (X) cells.

A

X = horizontal

27
Q

Which layer of neocortex receives main input from thalamus?

A

Layer 4

28
Q

T/F: There are variations in layering pattern throughout the cortex. Some layers can be more/less prominent in certain areas.

A

True

29
Q

In (X) areas, the (small/large) neurons of Layer 4 are particularly prominent. The cortex is referred to as (Y) in these areas.

A

X = primary sensory;
Small;
Y = granular cortex

30
Q

(X) areas lack a prominent Layer 4. These areas of cortex are referred to as (Y).

A 
X = motor cortex;
Y = agranular
31
Q

In cortical areas with neurons that project long distances, (X) cells in Layer (Y) may be very (small/large). Give an example.

A

X = pyramidal;
Y = 5
Large;

Precentral gyrus/primary motor cortex (Betz cells very large)

32
Q

(X) stain shows axon bundles that radiate through cortex.

A

X = Myelin (i.e. Weigert)

33
Q

Myelinated axons are arranged in (vertical/horizontal) bands.

A

Both

34
Q

Somatosensory cortex occupies which Brodmann areas?

A

1, 2, 3

35
Q

Motor cortex occupies which Brodmann areas?

A

4

36
Q

Primary visual cortex occupies which Brodmann areas?

A

17

37
Q

Auditory cortex occupies which Brodmann areas?

A

41, 42

38
Q

In order for cortical area to be considered “distinct”, the region must have distinct:

A
  1. Cyto/myelo-architectonics
  2. Connections
  3. Function
39
Q

Most synapses formed in cerebral cortex come from (extrinsic/intrinsic) neurons.

A

Intrinsic

40
Q

Information analyzed by cortex comes from (extrinsic/intrinsic) sources and is nearly all (excitatory/inhibitory).

A

Extrinsic;

Excitatory

41
Q

List the sources of input to the cerebral cortex.

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Other cortical areas
  3. Callosal/commissural input
42
Q

T/F: Thalamus sends input only to layer 4 of neocortex.

A

False - layers 3 and 6 also

43
Q

The (excitatory/inhibitory) input from thalamus to cortex terminates on which cell type(s)?

A

Excitatory;

  1. Pyramidal
  2. Inhibitory (non-pyramidal)
44
Q

“Association input” to cortex, from (X) areas, terminates primarily in which layer(s) of neocortex?

A

X = other cortical;

Layer 3 (and some feedback to layer 1)

45
Q

“Callosal input” to cortex terminates primarily in Layer (X) of neocortex and send efferents that arise form Layer (Y) of neocortex.

A

X = Y = 3

46
Q

T/F: All cortical areas give rise to and receive callosal connections.

A

False

47
Q

Feedback to Thalamus primarily arises from (pyramidal/non-pyramidal) cells in Layer (Y) of neocortex.

A

Pyramidal;

Y = 6

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