10.1e - Kotter and Schlesinger Flashcards
What are the barriers to change?
- Lack of clear objectives
- Inappropriate and insufficient resources
- Inappropriately trained staff
- Organisational structure
- Staff resistance
What can limit the success of the change process?
- Resistance
- Impact on people employed and how business deals with it
- Nature of organisational structure
- External factors
What forms can resistance take?
- Passive resignation
- Low efficiency
- Reduced output
- Aggression to management
What did Kotter and Schlesinger identify?
- Four most common reasons for resisting change
- Six ways of overcoming resistance
What are the common reasons for resistance to change identified by K&S?
- Self-interest
- Low tolerance to change
- Different assessment of the situation
- Misinformation and misunderstanding
What are the six ways of overcoming resistance to change identified by K&S?
- Education and communication
- Participation and involvement
- Facilitation and support
- Manipulation and co-option
- Negotiation and bargaining
- Implicit and explicit coercion
Co-option definition
Bringing specific individuals into roles that are part of change management
Manipulation definition
The selective use of information to encourage people to behave in a certain way
Explicit coercion definition
People being told exactly what the implications of resisting change will be
Implicit coercion definition
Suggesting the likely negative consequences for the business of failing to change, without making explicit threats
Why can change fail?
- Employees do not understand purpose for change
- Lack of planning
- Poor communication
- Employees lack skills
- Lack of resources
