1. Utilidad Clínica de los Métodos de Estudio del Sistema Hematológico Flashcards
What is the purpose of a hemogram?
To analyze blood components including white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells
A hemogram is a laboratory test that provides important information about the blood’s cellular components.
What anticoagulant is used for blood sample collection in a hemogram?
EDTA
EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is commonly used to prevent blood coagulation.
What are the three layers formed after centrifugation of a blood sample?
- Plasma (top layer)
- Buffy coat (middle layer)
- Erythrocyte sediment (bottom layer)
The plasma contains soluble molecules, the buffy coat contains leukocytes and platelets, and the erythrocyte sediment consists of red blood cells.
What is the normal range of leukocytes in adults?
5,000 - 10,000 per mm3 of blood
This range can vary by laboratory and is important for diagnosing conditions.
Define leukocytosis.
Excess of leukocytes
It can occur during bacterial infections, lymphoma, and other conditions.
Define leukopenia.
Lack of leukocytes
This condition can arise from viral infections, radiation exposure, and other factors.
What is neutropenia?
A decrease in neutrophils
Neutropenia can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the neutrophil count.
What are the neutrophil count ranges for neutropenia?
- Mild: 1000-1500
- Moderate: 1000-500
- Severe: less than 500
Severe neutropenia increases the risk of infections.
What is the threshold for lymphopenia?
Lymphocytes < 1000 / uL
Lymphopenia can indicate congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies, such as HIV.
True or False: Monocytopenia, eosinopenia, and basopenia are clinically relevant.
False
These conditions are generally not considered clinically significant.
What are the components analyzed in a hemogram?
- White blood cell count (leukocytes)
- Platelet count
- Red blood cell count (RBCs)
Each component provides insight into the individual’s health status.
What technology has replaced manual counting of blood cells?
Autoanalizers
Autoanalizers provide quick and accurate blood cell counts, improving efficiency in laboratory settings.
What is leukocytosis?
An increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood.
What is neutrophilia?
> 5.000 n/uL due to stress, drugs, or bacterial infection.
What is lymphocytosis?
Can be absolute (rule out chronic lymphocytic leukemia) or relative (viral infection, bacterial infection, post-vaccination).
What is monocytosis?
> 1000 m/uL, infrequent and somewhat nonspecific; may occur in chronic viral infections and inflammatory diseases.
What is eosinophilia?
> 1.000 e/uL; most commonly caused by allergies, atopic disorders, and parasitic infections.
What is basophilia?
> 500, rare; associated with hypersensitivity reactions to drugs or foods, as well as acute urticaria.
How are leukocytes counted?
Using an autoanalyzer, traditionally with peroxidase and basophilia graphs.
Define neutropenia.
A decrease in the number of neutrophils, defined by absolute numbers.
What is the significance of absolute counts in leukocyte differential?
They provide a clearer picture than relative values.
How do autoanalyzers differentiate leukocytes?
By complexity on one axis and peroxidase on the other.
Which leukocyte is the simplest?
Lymphocyte.
Which leukocyte has the most complex nucleus?
Neutrophils.